X-ray-responsive nanocarriers for anticancer drug delivery have shown great promise for enhancing the efficacy of chemoradiotherapy. A critical challenge remains for development of such radiation-controlled drug delivery systems (DDSs), which is to minimize the required X-ray dose for triggering the cargo release. Herein, we design and fabricate an effective DDS based on diselenide block copolymers (as nanocarrier), which can be triggered to release their cargo with a reduced radiation dose of 2 Gy due to their sensitivity to both Xray and the high level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the microenvironment of cancer cells. The underlying molecular mechanism is further illustrated by proton nuclear magnetic resonance ( 1 H NMR) experiments and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. In vivo experiments on tumor-bearing mice validated that the loaded drugs are effectively delivered to the tumor site and exert remarkable antitumor effects (minimum tumor volume/weight) along with X-ray. Furthermore, the diselenide nanocarriers exhibit no noticeable cytotoxicity. These findings provide new insights for the de novo design of radiation-controlled DDSs for cancer chemoradiotherapy.

We propose in this note a spectral method on triangles based on a new rectangle-to-triangle mapping, which leads to more reasonable grid distributions and efficient implementations than the usual approaches based on the collapsed transform. We present the detailed implementation for spectral approximations on a triangle and discuss the extension to spectral-element methods and three dimensions. IntroductionSpectral element methods, which are capable of extending the standard spectral methods to complex geometries, have become an important tool for simulations of fluid dynamics, atmospheric modeling and many other phenomena. Since the seminal work [1], a large body of literature has been devoted to the tensor-based quadrilateral/hexahedral element methods (QSEM) (see, e.g., [2]). Recently, some progress has also been made in the triangular/tetrahedral spectral/hp element methods (TSEM), and the current approaches are mainly based on (1) the Koornwinder-Dubiner polynomials [3,4]; (2) non-polynomial on triangular

Collapsible loess tunnel foundation reinforcement is a new challenge in the construction process of tunnel engineering. According to the field displacement and stress monitoring of the Fujiayao loess tunnel, this paper investigates the reinforcing effect of a high-pressure jet grouting pile on a collapsible loess tunnel foundation in the deep large-span tunnel. The field monitoring method was employed to address the performance of tunnel foundation settlement, additional stress, earth pressure, rock pressure, etc. The results indicate that the stress on the pile tops and the earth pressure between piles increase gradually over time in two stages: stress increases rapidly in the first 45 days and, after this period, stress tends to gradually stabilize. Further, stress increases uniformly with the distance from the centerline of the tunnel, and the rock pressure of the tunnel sidewalls tends to be stable within two months of being constructed. Additional stress on the tunnel foundation increases linearly with time, and it is uniformly distributed in the vertical and horizontal directions of the tunnel section. Settlement of the tunnel foundation also gradually increases with time, and it tends to be stable at 50 days from the time of construction. Additionally, the settlements of different monitoring points are similar at the same depth. The research results will further improve the theoretical knowledge of tunnel bottom reinforcement in the loess tunnel, which not only can effectively guide the design and construction of the loess tunnel and reduce disease treatment cost but also can provide the necessary basic research data and scientific theoretical basis for revision of the corresponding specifications of highway tunnels and railway tunnels.

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Controlling hypertension is important to protect renal function and prevent cardiovascular disease in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. However, data on hypertension awareness, treatment and control among CKD patients are limited. Two nationwide surveys were conducted in China in 1999-2000 and 2004-2005 among, respectively, 1328 and 1244 adult, non-dialysis, hypertensive CKD patients, to assess the status of hypertension awareness, treatment and control and associated factors. A standard questionnaire was adopted, and blood pressure (BP) was measured by trained staff according to a standard protocol in both surveys. Compared with the data from 1999-2000, the data from 2004-2005 showed increased awareness (87.2 vs. 75.7%, Po0.001), treatment (85.9 vs. 80.4%, P¼0.001) and control (30.0 vs. 21.1%, Po0.001, by the general threshold of BPo140/90 mm Hg; 7.7 vs. 5.9%, P¼0.075, by an optimal threshold of BPo130/80 mm Hg) of hypertension. The odds ratios for general BP control were 1.4 (95% confidence index (CI), 1.1-1.7) for female gender, 1.1 (95% CI, 1.0-1.1) for high estimated glomerular filtration rate, 1.3 (95% CI, 1.1-1.6) for treatment in a local hospital, 2.8 (95% CI, 2.0-3.9) for hypertension awareness and 1.7 (95% CI, 1.4-1.9) for combined treatment. General physicians from local hospitals made greater contributions to the total improvement. Lack of treatment was mainly due to patients not recognizing the necessity for it. This is the first report of hypertension awareness, treatment and control among hypertensive CKD patients from a developing country. Improvement of awareness and general control of hypertension were demonstrated. Education of both physicians and patients regarding optimal BP control should be reinforced in the future.

e recycling and reuse of waste materials is a topic of global concern and great international interest for those interested in sustainable development and protecting the environment. In recent decades, global production of construction and demolition waste (C&D waste) has signi cantly increased and became a worldwide problem. is research proposes to evaluate the feasibility of using aggregate from recycled C&D waste for urban road embankment applications based on the Sanhuan road construction project in eastern Xi'an. An extensive suite of laboratory and eld compaction tests were carried out to determine the physical properties and engineering characteristics of the C&D waste. e e ect of curing on the strength of the C&D waste was investigated using uncon ned compression strength (UCS), California bearing ratio (CBR), and de ection tests. e results show that the C&D waste has the characteristics of high strength and signi cant stability after simple treatment and further suggest that the use of these materials for paving urban road embankments is feasible. is study is of value for the reasonable and e ective promotion of using C&D waste recycled materials in road subgrade applications.