A 3D network gel polymer electrolyte (3D-GPE) is designed for lithium metal batteries and prepared by an initiator-free one-pot ring-opening polymerization technique. This 3D-GPE exhibits an unprecedented combination of mechanical strength, ionic conductivity, and more importantly, effective suppression of Li dendrite growth. The produced lithium-based battery presents long life, high rate, and excellent safety.

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The performance of perovskite solar cells is enhanced by modulating the Pb–O bond in a Lewis adduct via adding some strong Lewis bases into PbI2/DMF solutions.