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Lung cancer is a worldwide prevalent malignancy. This disease has a low survival rate due to diagnosis at a late stage challenged by the involvement of metastatic sites. Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is presented in 85% of cases. The last decade has experienced substantial advancements in scientific research, leading to a novel targeted therapeutic approach. The newly developed pharmaceutical agents are aimed towards specific mutations, detected in individual patients inflicted by lung cancer. These drugs have longer and improved response rates compared to traditional chemotherapy. Recent studies were able to identify rare mutations found in pulmonary tumors. Among the gene alterations detected were mesenchymal epithelial transition factor (MET), human epidermal growth factor 2 (HER2), B-type Raf kinase (BRAF), c-ROS proto-oncogene (ROS1), rearranged during transfection (RET) and neurotrophic tyrosine kinase (NTRK). Ongoing clinical trials are gaining insight onto possible first and second lines of medical treatment options intended to enable progression-free survival to lung cancer patients.

the Israeli Ministry of Health approved the third anti-Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19) vaccination (3 rd -BNT162b2-booster-dose), leading to a sharp daily drop in diagnosed positive COVID-19 cases and mortality rates in Israel [1]. The booster dose increased severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2(SARS-CoV-2) neutralization efficiency approximately a hundred-fold compared to individuals receiving only the second dose, providing significant protection against infection [2].Due to their immunocompromised condition, cancer patients may be more susceptible and generally more vulnerable to infections [3]. Indeed, due to the chronic weakening of their immune system, cancer patients are at higher risk of developing severe clinical outcomes from SARS-CoV-2 infection and are associated with an increased risk of morbidity and mortality [3]. Cancer patients treated with anticancer drugs or undergoing major surgery have double the risk of developing a severe illness, hospitalization, and death due to 4]. Early studies on cancer patients in Israel who received the second BNT162b-booster-dose indicated a noticeable lag in antibody production compared to controls, despite the comparable seroconversion rate tested four weeks after administration [5]. No adverse effects or interaction between immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels and active anticancer therapies, such as chemotherapy or radiation, were reported [4]. Recently, a study evaluating immune response 4-weeks after administration by cancer patients receiving the 3 rd -BNT162b2-boosterdose indicated an efficient anti-COVID-19 immunity when neither gender nor chemotherapy status was associated

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