The purpose of this study is to discern the actions of daily life and their relationship to environmental conditions in the LDK space of a house. The results were as follows; According to factor analysis, daily actions can be explained with three factors: "Relaxation and Concentration", "Working" and "Folding of laundry". Evaluation of "Relaxation and Concentration" and "Folding of laundry" factors are influenced by the change of thermal environment relative to a given season. Evaluation of "Working" factor is affected primarily by the relative characteristic of respective places and its thermal environment. When an air conditioner is used, evaluation of the act of the first factor "Relaxation and concentration" was heightened in living room sofa and dining chair, regardless of the season. As natural ventilation in summer and solar radiation in winter are a given in indoor settings, evaluation at living room floor or stairs might hold added value.
Background: Urine reagent strip test (URST) results are semi-quantitative; therefore, the precision of URSTs is evaluated as the proportion of categorical results from repeated measurements of a sample that are concordant with an expected result. However, URSTs have quantitative readout values before ordinal results challenging statistical monitoring for internal quality control (IQC) with control rules. This study aimed to determine the sigma metric of URSTs and derive appropriate control rules for IQC.Methods: The URiSCAN Super Plus fully automated urine analyzer (YD Diagnostics, Yongin, Korea) was used for URSTs. Change in reflectance rate (change %R) data from IQC for URSTs performed between November 2018 and May 2020 were analyzed. Red blood cells, bilirubin, urobilinogen, ketones, protein, glucose, leukocytes, and pH were measured from 2-3 levels of control materials. The total allowable error (TEa) for a grade was the difference in midpoints of a predefined change %R range between two adjacent grades. The sigma metric was calculated as TEa/SD. Sigma metric-based control rules were determined with Westgard EZ Rules 3 software (Westgard QC, Madison, WI, USA).Results: Seven out of the eight analytes had a sigma metric > 4 in the control materials with a negative grade (−), which were closer to the cut-offs. Corresponding control rules ranged from 12.5s to 13.5s. Conclusions:Although the URST is a semi-quantitative test, statistical IQC can be performed using the readout values. According to the sigma metric, control rules recommended for URST IQC in routine clinical practice are 12.5s to 13.5s.
In this study we examined ventilation in summer and solar insolation in winter as elements of the indoor environment, with the objective of analyzing the seasonal characteristics of thermal environment evaluation as well as identifying how particular characteristics of space affect the evaluation of the thermal environment.�The results were as follows. We found that in summer, feelings of discomfort disappeared even at the high indoor temperature of 33ºC when a breeze of at least 0.6 m/s was present. In winter, some subjects expressed a desire for the temperature to be raised while others desired it to be lowered, with a neutral temperature of 23-25ºC. We found that subjects' degree of satisfaction to exposure to sunlight was "just right" at temperatures over 25ºC, with dissatisfaction at the amount of sunshine being eliminated. During winter, by moving into and out of sunlit areas, subjects created a transient thermal environment in which they actively enjoyed temporary pleasant sensations even in high temperatures.�
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