Purpose
In this volatile and increasingly fast-revolving world, it has become crucially important to monitor, measure and manage nation image and its dynamic changes in real time. However, few studies have been conducted on a model to measure the image and/or its changes. The purpose of this paper is to find an economically affordable methodology to measure nation image and its changes online in real time.
Design/methodology/approach
The study took an approach to build dynamic ontology that may reflect to change nation image in real-time. With it, the authors attempted to measure nation image in real time.
Findings
Among many social media, the authors found that Wikipedia is particularly suitable for the purpose of measuring nation image. An ontology of nation image was built from the keywords collected from the pages directly related to the big three exporting countries in East Asia, i.e. Korea, Japan and China. The click views on the pages of the countries in two different language editions of Wikipedia, Vietnamese and Indonesian were counted.
Originality/value
The study confirms the objective: the data from a social media service, Wikipedia, may work very well as an economically affordable real-time supplement to offline nation image indices that are currently used.
An incremental format of creep model was presented to take account of the development of concrete creep due to loading at different ages. The formulation was attained by introducing a horizontal parallel assumption of creep curves and combining it with the vertical parallel creep curve of the rate of creep method to remedy the disadvantage of the rate of creep method that significantly underestimates the amount of creep strain, regardless of its simple format. Two creep curves were combined by introducing an ageing parameter whose value was obtained from two sets of time-dependent laboratory experiments on cylindrical specimens. The presented creep description takes the advantage that a single creep curve due to the initial loading describes the entire development of creep under the persistent change of creep-causing stress. Further, the creep formulation takes advantage of being consistent with the incremental format of age-dependent constitutive formulation. The performance of the presented creep equation was investigated with time-dependent laboratory experiments on cylindrical specimens and compared with the performances of four existing creep models.
The researchers attempted to develop a way to extract a near real-time online nation image using social media. Referring to previous studies about nation images and the categories defined in Wikipedia, an ontology considering the characteristics of nation image was constructed. Separately, data sets from various social media were compared and the click view of Wikipedia English-edition was selected. The ontology was applied to the recent six years of the data extracted of the three big exporting countries of the east Asia, China, Japan, and Korea. To compare the nation images, correspondence analysis was employed to show images in the area of politics, society, culture, and economy. The nation images extracted are indeed the reasonable representation of them. The researchers verified them to a few known government policies and confirmed that it could be used to help government officers to make foreign policies to boost nation's export and to employ as a key performance index for them.
Kwon Woo was a Neo-Confucian scholar of the late Goryeo and early Joseon Dynasty. He contributed greatly to establishing the foundation of the Joseon Dynasty by succeeding the scholars Giljae, Mongju Jeong, and Jeong Do-jeon at the end of the Goryeo Dynasty. there are many works that recite personal experiences, but the aspect that stands out in particular is his aspect as a Gwangak writer. Gwangak was the central organization that was in charge of sentences, and it was in charge of sentences related to state affairs for a long time. These experiential characteristics are related to Kwon Woo’s writing of ‘Poetry of the new capital’, which describes the scenery of Hanyang, the new capital city. When King Taejo Lee Seong-gye laid down an eight-panel screen with pictures of the capital, he wrote an eightview poem in response to the dynamism and beauty of the capital. In addition, there are works that have been written about the capital of the new dynasty, and it is valuable to gauge the literary trend of the early Joseon Dynasty.
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