In this paper, based on a doubly generalized Type II censored sample, the maximum likelihood estimators (MLEs), the approximate MLE and the Bayes estimator for the entropy of the Rayleigh distribution are derived. We compare the entropy estimators' root mean squared error (RMSE), bias and Kullback-Leibler divergence values. The simulation procedure is repeated 10,000 times for the sample size n = 10, 20, 40 and 100 and various doubly generalized Type II hybrid censoring schemes. Finally, a real data set has been analyzed for illustrative purposes.
Recently, progressive hybrid censoring schemes have become quite popular in a life-testing problem and reliability analysis. However, the limitation of the progressive hybrid censoring scheme is that it cannot be applied when few failures occur before time T . Therefore, a generalized progressive hybrid censoring scheme was introduced. In this paper, the estimation of the entropy of a two-parameter Weibull distribution based on the generalized progressively censored sample has been considered. The Bayes estimators for the entropy of the Weibull distribution based on the symmetric and asymmetric loss functions, such as the squared error, linex and general entropy loss functions, are provided. The Bayes estimators cannot be obtained explicitly, and Lindley's approximation is used to obtain the Bayes estimators. Simulation experiments are performed to see the effectiveness of the different estimators. Finally, a real dataset has been analyzed for illustrative purposes.
Chemotherapy is not a first-line therapy for oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), which is the most common type of oral cancer, because most OSCC shows resistance to chemotherapeutic reagents. Inflammatory signals are suggested to be associated with chemoresistance as well as carcinogenesis in many different cancers, and thus chronic periodontitis, the most common chronic inflammatory disease of the oral cavity, could modulate responsiveness to chemotherapeutic agents used against oral cancer. This study was performed to define the role of chronic periodontitis in oral cancer progression and to determine the responsiveness of oral cancer to a chemotherapeutic reagent. First, we quantified the tumor growth rate and changes in serum cytokine profiles of mice administered Porphyromonas gingivalis, a major pathogen of chronic periodontitis. Compared with uninfected mice, the mice that were chronically administered P. gingivalis showed increased resistance to paclitaxel and a decreased tumor growth rate. In addition, P. gingivalis-treated mice exhibited higher serum levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) than uninfected mice. Furthermore, the sensitivity of tumor xenografts to paclitaxel in mice administered P. gingivalis was dramatically increased when the mice were administered ibuprofen, an anti-inflammatory drug which supports the modulatory effect of periodontal pathogen-induced inflammation in chemoresistance.
It has been suggested that Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis), a keystone pathogen in chronic periodontitis, is associated with a variety of cancers, including oral cancer. Recently, studies have shown the effects of persistent exposure to P. gingivalis on the promotion of tumorigenic properties of oral epithelial cells, suggesting that chronic P. gingivalis infection is a potential risk factor for oral cancer. On the other hand, Fusobacterium nucleatum (F. nucleatum), one of the major periodontal pathogens, has emerged as an important factor in the colon cancer progression. Here, we investigated the diagnostic potential of serum immunoglobulin G antibody against periodontal pathogens, P. gingivalis and F. nucleatum, and serum IL-6 for oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to determine and compare the serum levels of interleukin 6 (IL-6), F. nucleatum IgG, and P. gingivalis IgG in 62 OSCC patients with 46 healthy controls. The serum levels of P. gingivalis IgG and IL-6 were higher in OSCC patients than in non-OSCC controls, and the difference was statistically significant. In addition, a high serum level of IL-6 was associated with a worse prognosis in OSCC patients. Thus, P. gingivalis IgG and IL-6 could be utilized as potential serum biomarkers for the diagnosis of OSCC, and the serum level of IL-6 contributes to improved prognostic performance.
In many life-testing and reliability studies, the experimenter might not always obtain complete information on failure times for all experimental units. Multiply Type-II censored sampling arises in a life-testing experiment whenever the experimenter does not observe the failure times of some units placed on a life-test. In this paper, we obtain estimators for the entropy function of a double exponential distribution under multiply Type-II censored samples using the maximum likelihood estimation and the approximate maximum likelihood estimation procedures. We compare the proposed estimators in the sense of the mean squared errors by using Monte Carlo simulation.
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