The I-gel™ is a single-use supraglottic airway device introduced in 2007 which features a non-inflatable cuff and allows passage of a tracheal tube owing to its large diameter and short length of the airway tube. In this case, the authors experienced a difficult airway management on a 4-year-old boy with underlying Goldenhar syndrome who underwent a tonsillectomy. Intubation using a laryngoscope was unsuccessful at the first attempt. In the following attempt, we used the I-gel™ supraglottic airway for ventilation and were able to achieve successful intubation with a cuffed tube by using fiberoptic bronchoscope through the I-gel™ supraglottic airway. The authors suggest that I-gel™ is a useful device for ventilation and it has many advantages for tracheal intubation in pediatric patients with difficult airway.
SUMMARYThis paper proposes a 10 b 25 MS/s 4.8 mW 0.13 m CMOS analog-to-digital converter (ADC) for highperformance portable wireless communication systems, such as digital video broadcasting, digital audio broadcasting, and digital multimedia broadcasting (DMB) systems, simultaneously requiring a low-voltage, low-power, and small chip area. A two-stage pipeline architecture optimizes the overall chip area and power dissipation of the proposed ADC at the target resolution and sampling rate, while switched-bias power-reduction techniques reduce the power consumption of the power-hungry analog amplifiers. Lownoise reference currents and voltages are implemented on chip with optional off-chip voltage references for low-power system-on-a-chip applications. An optional down-sampling clock signal selects a sampling rate of 25 or 10 MS/s depending on applications in order to further reduce the power dissipation. The prototype ADC fabricated in a 0.13 m 1P8M CMOS technology demonstrates a measured peak differential non-linearity and integral non-linearity within 0.42 LSB and 0.91 LSB and shows a maximum signal-tonoise-and-distortion ratio and spurious-free dynamic range of 56 and 65 dB at all sampling frequencies up to 25 MHz, respectively. The ADC with an active die area of 0.8mm 2 consumes 4.8 and 2.4 mW at 25 and 10 MS/s, respectively, with a 1.2 V supply.
Bradycardia may occur during spinal anesthesia with atropine commonly used as a treatment. A 44-year-old female with no known history of any underlying diseases, developed a coronary spasm following ventricular tachycardia when 0.5 mg of atropine was injected intravenously to treat bradycardia during spinal anesthesia. The imbalance caused by atropine in the sympathovagal activity may predispose the coronary artery to develop spasms with ventricular tachycardia. Therefore prudent use of atropine should be accompanied by close monitoring.
Moving target has a non-coherent phase characteristic regardless of micro-Doppler effect caused by body motion, because the movement of the target changes the beat-frequency and its phase. A phase compensation method to remove the phase variations caused by movement is proposed. Using the proposed phase compensation method, it is possible to classify targets as pedestrians or automobiles based on the phase variance because pedestrians and automobiles have non-coherent and coherent phases, respectively. Through applying experimental data, the possibility of target classification is shown.
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