PurposeThe impact of postoperative ipsilateral neck radiotherapy (INRT) versus bilateral neck radiotherapy (BNRT) on the clinical outcomes of patients with tonsillar squamous cell carcinoma was analyzed retrospectively.Materials and MethodsBetween October 2001 and June 2012, 241 patients with T1-2 and N0-N2b tonsillar carcinoma from 16 institutes underwent postoperative INRT (n=84) or BNRT (n=157) following a tonsillectomy. Seventy patients were identified from each group by propensity score matching and compared in terms of the overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS), locoregional relapse-free survival (LRRFS), and distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS) rates calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method with a log-rank test.ResultsThe median follow-up was 55 months (range, 3 to 133 months). The survival outcomes in the INRT and BNRT groups were similar: 5-year OS (92.8% vs. 94.0%, p=0.985), DFS (80.5% vs. 94.2%. p=0.085), LRRFS (88.1% vs. 97.1%, p=0.083), and DMFS (92.7% vs. 97.0%, p=0.370). Subgroup analysis revealed no contralateral neck recurrence in 61 patients with T1-2N0-2a regardless of the treatment groups. For 79 patients with N2b, contralateral neck recurrence was more common in the INRT group than in the BNRT group (7.9% vs. 0.0%), but the difference was not significant (p=0.107). The overall grade ≥ 2 toxicities were lower in the INRT group: acute (45.7% vs. 74.3%, p=0.001) and late (4.3% vs. 31.4%, p < 0.001), respectively.ConclusionINRT is an attractive strategy for patients with T1-2N0-2a tonsillar carcinoma compared to BNRT. For patients with N2b, there was a small risk of contralateral neck recurrence when treated with INRT, but its impact on the OS was limited with successful salvage treatment.

Background/AimsThis study reports treatment outcomes after helical intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) in unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients for whom transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) was considered ineffective or unsuitable.MethodsFrom January 2008 to December 2011, 22 unresectable HCC patients received helical IMRT. A daily dose of 1.8 to 4 Gy was delivered at five fractions per week to deliver a total dose of 30 to 60 Gy. The most-prescribed dose fractionation was a total dose of 50 to 57.5 Gy, with a daily dose of 2.3 to 2.5 Gy.ResultsIn the entire group, the objective response rate of the primary tumor was 72.7%. In the eight patients with portal vein thrombosis (PVT), the objective response rate of PVT was 50.0%. Median disease progression-free survival was 11.8 months, and the 1-year disease progression-free survival rate was 40.2%. The median overall survival was 14.4 months, and the 1- and 2-year overall survival rates were 86.4% and 69.1%, respectively. PVT and Child-Pugh classifications were significant prognostic factors for overall survival in multivariate analyses.ConclusionsHelical IMRT in patients with unresectable HCC resulted in high treatment response and survival rates. This study suggests helical IMRT is a practical treatment option for HCC patients in whom TACE is unsuitable or ineffective.

PurposeCompared to conventional radiotherapy (RT), intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) significantly reduces the rate of treatment-induced late toxicities in head and neck cancer. However, a clear survival benefit of IMRT over conventional RT has not yet been shown. This study is among the first comparative study to compare the survival rates between conventional RT and helical tomotherapy in head and neck cancer.Materials and MethodsFrom January 2008 to November 2011, 37 patients received conventional RT and 30 patients received helical tomotherapy for management of head and neck cancer. We retrospectively compared the survival rates between patients treated with conventional RT and helical tomotherapy, and analyzed the prognostic factors for survival.ResultsThe 1- and 2-year locoregional recurrence-free survival rates were 61.2% and 58.1% for the conventional RT group, 89.3% and 80.3% for the helical tomotherapy group, respectively. The locoregional recurrence-free survival rates of the helical tomotherapy group were significantly higher than conventional RT group (p = 0.029). There were no significant differences in the overall and distant metastasis-free survival between the two groups. RT technique, tumor stage, and RT duration were significant prognostic factors for locoregional recurrence-free survival.ConclusionThis study showed the locoregional recurrence-free survival benefits of helical tomotherapy in the treatment of head and neck cancers.

ObjectiveTo develop a prognostic model for overall survival (OS) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients receiving radiotherapy (RT) to metastatic abdominal lymph nodes (LNs).Materials and MethodsTwo hundred twenty-eight patients treated with RT to metastatic abdominal LNs were retrospectively reviewed.ResultsMedian OS in all patients was 11.1 months. LN responders had significantly higher median OS than non-responders (14.2 months vs. 7.5 months, p<0.05). On multivariate analysis, Child-Pugh classification, status of intrahepatic tumor, presence of distant metastasis, number and location of metastatic LNs, serum level of alpha fetoprotein (AFP), and the LN response to RT were significant prognostic factors for OS (p < 0.05 each). Based on the results of multivariate analysis, prognostic group stratification according to the number of pre-treatment risk factors was a significant predictor of OS, and median OS in patients with ≥ 4, 3, 2, 1, and 0 risk factors were 2.9, 5.5, 10.3, 13.6, and 27.8 months, respectively (p<0.05). A nomogram was formulated by integrating the different prognostic contribution of each factor, and it showed good accuracy for predicting 2-year OS with a concordance index of 0.72.ConclusionPrognostic group stratification and nomogram could be useful prognostic and therapeutic indicators in selecting treatment strategies.

The outcome of MRI-guided brachytherapy combined with external beam radiotherapy in patients with cervical cancer was excellent. GTV D90 of >110 Gy and treatment duration ≤56 days were potentially associated with overall survival.