For liquid crystal (LC) alignment, polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSS) can be considered as one of the promising candidates for the formation of vertical alignment (VA) of LC. However, because of their poor compatibility and weak interaction with LC hosts, the pristine POSS are highly aggregate themselves in the LC media and create the macroscopic particles, resulting in severe light scatterings. To overcome this barrier, we proposed and successfully synthesized the cyanobiphenyl monosubstituted POSS giant molecule (abbreviated as POSS-CBP 1 ), which showed an excellent dispersion in nematic (N) LC media and formed the perfect VA of LC without using conventional polymer-based VA layers. On the basis of the systematic experiments and careful analysis, we realized that the cyanobiphenyl moiety chemically attached to the pristine POSS with an alkyl chain can significantly improve the initial solubility and interaction with LC media but finely tune POSS-CBP 1 to gradually diffuse onto the substrate of LC cell for the formation of VA layer without forming the macroscopic aggregations. Therefore, the newly developed POSS-CBP 1 VA layer can allow us to significantly cut the manufacturing cost as well as to open the new doors for electro-optical applications.
The complete chloroplast (cp) genome sequence of
Climacium dendroides
, determined using Illumina sequencing data, is presented herein. The DNA sequence of
C. dendroides
is 124,957 bp in length and has an overall CG content of 29.0%, including 82 protein-coding genes, 36 transfer RNA genes, and 8 ribosomal RNA genes. Phylogenetic trees were constructed based on the cp genome sequences of 10 bryophytes downloaded from GenBank and one acquired from this study.
The complete chloroplast (cp) genome sequence of Myuroclada maximowiczii (GenBank accession number MT726030), a species of moss in the Brachytheciaceae family, was determined using Illumina HiSeq paired-end sequencing data. The total size of the cp genome was 124,607 bp. The genome contained a large single-copy (LSC) region of 86,684 bp, a small single-copy (SSC) region of 18,483 bp, and a pair of identical inverted repeat regions (IRs) of 9,720 bp. The genome contained 82 protein-coding genes, 36 transfer RNA (tRNA) genes, and eight ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes. The cp genome presented here will provide useful information for future phylogenetic and evolutionary studies of Myuroclada species.
The complete mitochondrial genome of
Climacium dendroides
(GenBank accession number MN942036 was 104,860 base pairs in length, containing 40 protein-coding genes, 3 ribosomal RNA (rRNA), and 24 transfer RNA (tRNA). The base composition was 29.6% A, 29.4% T, 21.0% G, and 19.8% C and its G + C content was 41.0%. The mitochondrial structure and gene order was similar to other Bryophytes. Phylogenetic tree based on the combined analysis of 33 protein-coding genes was well congruent with traditional species relationship of the moss order Hypnales.
The mitogenome of Myuroclada maximowiczii (GenBank accession number MT834960) has a total length of 104,216 bp and encodes 40 protein-coding genes, three ribosomal RNAs, and 24 transfer RNAs. The overall nucleotide composition is asymmetric (29.6% A, 29.4% T, 21.2% G, and 19.8% C), with AT content (59.0%) higher than GC content (41.0%). The gene arrangement of this mitogenome is identical to that in other bryophytes. Phylogenetic trees were constructed using complete mitochondrial genome sequences of 24 bryophytes publicly available in GenBank and the mitogenome sequence derived in this study. Our phylogenetic analysis revealed that M. maximowiczii clustered in a clade with other hypnalean taxas.
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