Background/AimsProton pump inhibitors (PPIs) act by irreversibly binding to the H+-K+-ATPase of the proton pump in parietal cells and may possibly affect the vacuolar H+-ATPase in osteoclasts.MethodsWe investigated the effect of 8 weeks of PPI treatment on the parameters of bone turnover and compared PPI with revaprazan, which acts by reversibly binding to H+-K+-ATPase in proton pumps. This study was a parallel randomized controlled trial. For 8 weeks, either a PPI or revaprazan was randomly assigned to patients with gastric ulcers. The parameters of bone turnover were measured at the beginning of and after the 8-week treatment period.ResultsTwenty-six patients (PPI, n=13; revaprazan, n=13) completed the intention-to-treat analysis. After the 8-week treatment period, serum calcium and urine deoxypyridinoline (DPD) were increased in the PPI group (serum calcium, p=0.046; urine DPD, p=0.046) but not in the revaprazan group. According to multivariate linear regression analysis, age ≥60 years was an independent predictor for the changes in serum calcium and urine DPD.ConclusionsIn elderly patients, administering a PPI for 8 weeks altered bone parameters. Our study suggested that PPIs might directly alter bone metabolism via the vacuolar H+-ATPase in osteoclasts.

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We present the far-ultraviolet (FUV) fluorescent molecular hydrogen (H 2 ) emission map of the Milky Way Galaxy obtained with FIMS/SPEAR covering ∼76% of the sky. The extinction-corrected intensity of the fluorescent H 2 emission has a strong linear correlation with the well-known tracers of the cold interstellar medium (ISM), including color excess E(B-V), neutral hydrogen column density N(H I), and Hα emission. The all-sky H 2 column density map was also obtained using a simple photodissociation region model and interstellar radiation fields derived from UV star catalogs. We estimated the fraction of H 2 (f H2 ) and the gas-to-dust ratio (GDR) of the diffuse ISM. The f H2 gradually increases from <1% at optically thin regions where E(B-V) < 0.1 to ∼50% for E(B-V) = 3. The estimated GDR is ∼5.1 × 10 21 atoms cm −2 mag −1 , in agreement with the standard value of 5.8 × 10 21 atoms cm −2 mag −1 .

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