The influence of fiber purification and conditions of enzymatic modification on soluble fiber content of wheat fiber were examined. Crude wheat fiber was purified by a modified enzymatic extraction. Crude wheat bran contained 16% soluble dietary fiber by weight. Purification of the crude wheat bran did not alter soluble fiber content nor result in a significant loss of total dietary fiber. A technical grade hemicellulase was used to enzymatically modify the purified wheat fiber. The yield varied considerably with enzyme concentration and time. The optimized modification conditions utilized were 0.1 M acetate buffer (pH 5.0) and 60 HCU/mL per g of PIFF hemicellulase a t 30 "C for 40 min. The enzymatic modification of wheat fiber resulted in an 87% increase in soluble fiber content up to 30%.A number of studies have demonstrated that the use of soluble fibers may be an important adjunct in the treatment of diabetes. Jenkins et al. (Jenkins et al., 1977a(Jenkins et al., ,b, 1980 demonstrated that the addition of soluble types of dietary fiber such as pectin and guar into test meals reduced postprandial glycemia in normal, non-insulindependent and insulin-dependent subjects. This was attributed in part either t o an increased mouth to cecum transit time, to the decreased rate of gastric emptying, or to a slower rate of duodenal absorption, all factors associated with an increase in solubility and/or viscosity (Blackburn et ai., 1984;Jenkins e t al., 1977b Jenkins e t al., , 1979.Insoluble fibers such as cellulose or less soluble fibers such as wheat bran have been shown to be less effective as agents for lowering serum glucose values. In contrast, they have been shown to increase fecal bulk and inhibit colon tumors. Although wheat bran is a less soluble type of fiber, a number of studies have reported the use in the treatment of diabetics (Simpson e t al., 1979a,b).The objective of the present investigation was to determine the conditions under which the soluble fiber content of wheat fiber could be increased. This would increase the potential for clinical usage under circumstances requiring a more soluble type of fiber. PROCEDURESPurification of Wheat Bran. A modification of Prosky et al. (1984) and Monte and Maga (1980) was utilized for determination and purification of a commercial grade of crude wheat bran. The purification method developed is described in Figure 1.Sample Pretreatment-Extraction of Lipids. The extraction of lipid from crude wheat bran (CWB) was performed three times with use of reagent grade petroleum ether (PET) (6:l = PET:CWB) at room temperature. The defatted wheat bran (DWB) was dried overnight at 105 "C in an air oven to a constant weight. It was then passed through a Wiley mill (Model No. 4) equipped with a 0.5-mm-mesh screen.Removal of Soluble Complex Carbohydrate. DWB was incubated in a 0.08 M Na2P0, buffer (pH 6.0 DWB), containing Termamyll20 L (120 KNU (Novo-a-amylase unit)/mL per 10 g of DWB; heat-stable a-amylase; Novo Laboratories, Inc., Wilton, CT 06897) for 30 min in a hemisphe...

On June 14, 2008 (the first experiment) and July 24, 2008 (the second experiment), the shores of the Boseong River and the sandy beaches, Seokgok-myun, Moksadong-myun, Gokseong-gun in Jeollanam Province were investigated and a total of 29 soft-shelled turtle (Tryonyx sinensis) eggs in the natural spawning nest eggs were collected (13 eggs were collected in the first experiment and 16 eggs in the second experiment). The temperatures in the natural spawning nests were 25.9-36.9±0.5℃, the depth of the eggs was 5.2-7.5±0.5 cm as the distance of the average 6.4±0.5 cm. 29 eggs were scattered at least 0.2 cm interval. Artificial incubation of 29 eggs was conducted in artificial nest boxes in thermo-plastic composition of the incubator, and then incubated at 26.5-35.5±0.5℃, and an average constant temperature was 31.2-32.1±1.0℃. The incubation days ranged from 53 to 55. In case of most turtles, incubation at 31℃ (higher temperatures) generally produces all or mostly females, while incubation at 25℃(cooler temperatures) produces all or mostly males. Exceptionally, in case of genus Trionyx, the sex ratio of female : male of T. sinensis of a freshwater soft-shelled turtle was approximately 1:1, which differs from other genera of turtles and makes T. sinensis Strauch only turtles presently known to lack temperature-dependent sex determination.

A prototype of a digital video disc recorder (D-VDR) with laser-disc-quality video and compact-disc-quality audio is developed and demonstrated using a second harmonic generation (SHG) green laser, narrow-track magneto-optical disk (MOD), mark edge recording and data compression.

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