No adverse long-term oncologic outcomes of laparoscopic resection were observed in this study. Although inherent limitations exist in this nonrandomized study, laparoscopic multivisceral resection seems to be a feasible and effective treatment option for colorectal cancer for carefully selected patients. Patients with colon cancer should be much more carefully selected for laparoscopic multivisceral resection than patients with rectal cancer because anatomic uncertainty can make oncologic en bloc resection incomplete.
• Optimal administration of intravenous contrast material is essential for optimal CT quality. • A new connecting tube can generate spiral flow, which improves intravenous administration. • The new connecting tube improved aortic contrast enhancement during the hepatic-arterial phase. • The new connecting tube increased the effect of a saline chaser.
Summary
The human fungal pathogen Candida albicans switches its morphology from yeast to hyphal forms. The morphological transition may render C. albicans virulent. Several signaling cascades, including those of the cyclic AMP‐protein kinase A and mitogen‐activated protein kinase pathways, are responsible for morphogenesis. In this study, we observed a reduction in gene transcription of ribosomal proteins during true hyphae formation. Moreover, morphogenesis‐dependent decrease in ribosomal protein gene transcription was confirmed in constitutive yeast or filamentous growing strains. We consistently observed that polysome and monosome levels were decreased by hyphal stimuli through TORC1 and Sch9 kinases. Taken together, these results provide several lines of evidence to show that the Tor1–Sch9 kinase cascade, which stimulates transcription of ribosomal protein genes, exists in C. albicans. Thus, the present study revealed a novel link between ribosome biogenesis and morphogenesis in C. albicans that is mediated by Tor1 and Sch9.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.