[Purpose] The present study examined the influence of treadmill exercise added to a low
back pain rehabilitation program on low back extensor strength, pain, and dysfunction in
chronic low back pain patients. [Subjects and Methods] Twenty men aged 22–36 years with
chronic low back pain were randomly divided into experimental and control groups of 10
patients each. Both groups underwent a low back pain rehabilitation program lasting 30 min
each, thrice/week for 8 weeks. The experimental group was prescribed an additional 30 min
of treadmill exercise without a slope at a speed of 3.0–3.5 km/h, at which patients could
walk comfortably. Low back extensor strength was tested using the Medx lumbar extension
machine, pain level was tested, using the visual analog scale, and dysfunction was tested,
using the Oswestry Low Back Pain Disability Questionnaire. [Results] Changes in low back
extensor strength by angle showed significant interaction effects between measurement time
and group at 12°, 24°, and 36°. The results of the visual analog scale and Oswestry
Questionnaire showed a decreasing trend after the experiment in both groups. However,
there was no interaction effect of the additional treadmill exercise in the experimental
group. [Conclusion] The combination of a low back pain rehabilitation program and
treadmill exercise has a synergistic effect, to some extent, on the improvement of low
back extensor strength and should be considered for treatment and rehabilitation of low
back pain patients.
Abstract-Cylindrical EBG structures excited by a Hertzian dipole source and TM polarized plane wave at oblique incidence are analyzed using a rigorous semi-analytical method based on the cylindrical Floquet mode expansion. Concentric and eccentric cylindrical EBG structures are investigated. Resonance and stopband characteristics in the transmission spectra of the cylindrical EBG structures, enhancement and shading effects in the excited fields, radiation patterns of Hertzian dipole located inside the cylindrical EBG structures in both H-plane and E-plane are numerically studied. Co-polarization and cross-polarizations scattering effects between the electric and magnetic fields are investigated at the oblique incidence of plane waves.
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