BACKGROUND: It remains unclear whether high-intensity exercises result in deformities and reduced function of cardiac muscle. This study hypothesized that participants in a six-day super-ultramarathon (622 km) with sleep deprivation would show serial changes in cardiac structure and function pre-and post-marathon and during the recovery period. METHODS: Cardiac structure and function of middle-aged male volunteers were assessed through echocardiography at pre-and post-marathon, and at 2 recovery periods with a threeday interval. RESULTS: There were no differences in left ventricular end-diastolic and end-systolic dimensions, and end-diastolic volume between pre-and post-marathon. Interventricular septum thickness, left ventricular posterior wall thickness, left ventricular mass, and mass index significantly increased at post-marathon compared to pre-marathon, which decreased during the recovery period. Stroke volume and left ventricular ejection fraction significantly decreased at post-marathon, while both values increased during the recovery period. There were no significant differences in indices for left ventricular relaxation at each assessment period. CONCLUSIONS: An extreme endurance exercise could induce temporary myocardial hypertrophy and contractility reduction.
The purpose of this study was to evaluate biochemical markers of blood glucose and blood lipids associated with extreme long-distance running races (marathon, 100 km, 308 km). Methods: The participants were 45 middle-aged male runners: 15 corresponding to each distance. All participants performed graded exercise tests before the races. Blood glucose, total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels were analyzed by blood collection before and after the races to identify differences between the groups and before and after the races. Results: No differences were found in blood glucose levels before and after all races, as well as between the groups. TC levels decreased only after the 308-km race, and this decrease was lower than the differences after the marathon and 100-km races. TG levels decreased after all three races and were lower after the 100-km and 308-km races than that after the marathon race. HDL-C levels showed no differences after the marathon race but increased after the 100-km and 308-km races, with higher levels after the 308-km race than those after the marathon and 100-km races. LDL-C levels increased after the marathon race, but decreased after the 308-km race, with lower levels after the 308-km race than those after the marathon and 100-km races. Conclusion:The 308-km race was associated with decreases in TC, TG, and LDL-C levels and an increase in HDL-C levels, indicating that exercise time may have a positive effect on lipid metabolism rather than exercise intensity.
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