Electrolyte pH is an important parameter in determining the equilibrium concentrations of the carbon dioxide−bicarbonate−carbonate system as well as in mapping out the thermodynamically stable phases of tin dioxide (SnO 2 ) in an aqueous electrochemical system. Thus, we explored an optimized region in the combined potential−pH (E−pH) diagram of the two systems where there is a simultaneously high catalytic activity for carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) electrolysis and good phase stability for the SnO 2 nanocatalysts. Our results suggest that choosing the right E−pH combination, which in this case is at −0.6 V (vs RHE) and pH 10.2, results in a high faradaic efficiency of 67.6% for formate (HCOO − ) synthesis and an efficiency retention of ∼90% after 5 h while maintaining the stability of the oxide structure and avoiding the formation of carbon monoxide. Widely applicable to neutral or near-neutral pH metal oxide electrocatalysts, optimized alkaline CO 2 electrolysis offers distinct advantages in terms of the three major catalyst properties: activity, selectivity, and stability.
It has been challenging to find stable blue organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) that rely on thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF). Lack of stable host materials well‐fitted to the TADF emitters is one of the critical reasons. The most popular host for blue TADF, bis[2‐(diphenylphosphino)phenyl] ether oxide (DPEPO), leads to unrealistically high maximum external quantum efficiency. DPEPO is however an unstable material and has a poor charge transporting ability, which in turn induces an intrinsic short OLED operating lifespan. Here, an alternative host material is introduced which educes the potential efficiency and device lifespan of given TADF emitters with the appropriateness of replacing the most popular host material, DPEPO, in developing blue TADF emitters. It simultaneously provides much longer device lifespan and higher external quantum efficiency at a practical brightness due to its high material stability and electron‐transport‐type character well‐fitted for hole‐transport‐type TADF emitters.
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