Background. Few studies have tried to investigate the influence of socioeconomic inequalities on dental behaviors by considering the income and education levels as different dimensions of the independent variables in the adult Korean population.Objectives. This study aimed to evaluate the association between income level and education level in relation to dental behaviors, such as self-cares and dental visits in the adult Korean population.Material and methods. Six levels of socioeconomic status were classified according to a combination of monthly household income and educational achievement levels. The regression models were built to assess the association between different levels of socioeconomic status and the frequency of tooth brushing and the most recent dental visits.Results. This study confirmed that high levels of monthly household income and educational achievement were independently related to frequent tooth brushing and frequent dental visits. Low levels of socioeconomic status were inversely related to the frequency of tooth brushing and socioeconomic status groups except for the lowest one were also adversely related to frequent dental visits after adjusting for confounders.Conclusions. Korean adults with lower incomes but with higher education showed better dental behavior, including tooth brushing and dental visits than those with higher incomes but with lower education. The findings of this study could help in acknowledging the different characteristics of income and education as contributing factors leading to oral health behaviors in the adult Korean population.
The present report presents a case of dens invaginatus (DI) in a patient with 4 maxillary incisors. A 24-year-old female complained of swelling of the maxillary left anterior region and discoloration of the maxillary left anterior tooth. The maxillary left lateral incisor (tooth #22) showed pulp necrosis and a chronic apical abscess, and a periapical X-ray demonstrated DI on bilateral maxillary central and lateral incisors. All teeth responded to a vitality test, except tooth #22. The anatomic form of tooth #22 was similar to that of tooth #12, and both teeth had lingual pits. In addition, panoramic and periapical X-rays demonstrated root canal calcification, such as pulp stones, in the maxillary canines, first and second premolars, and the mandibular incisors, canines, and first premolars bilaterally. The patient underwent root canal treatment of tooth #22 and non-vital tooth bleaching. After a temporary filling material was removed, the invaginated mass was removed using ultrasonic tips under an operating microscope. The working length was established, and the root canal was enlarged up to #50 apical size and obturated with gutta-percha and AH 26 sealer using the continuous wave of condensation technique. Finally, non-vital bleaching was performed, and the access cavity was filled with composite resin.
This clinical study evaluated the whitening effect and safety of polymer based-pen type BlancTis Forte (NIBEC) containing 8.3% carbamide peroxide. Twenty volunteers used the BlancTis Forte whitening agent for 2 hours twice a day for 4 weeks. As a control, Whitening Effect Pen (LG) containing 3% hydrogen peroxide was used by 20 volunteers using the same protocol. The change in shade (ΔE*, color difference) was measured using Shadepilot TM (DeguDent) before, during, and after bleaching (2 weeks, 4 weeks, and postbleaching 4 weeks). A clinical examination for any side effects (tooth hypersensitivity or soft tissue complications) was also performed at each check-up. The following results were obtained.1. Both the experimental and control groups displayed a noticeable change in shade (ΔE) of over 2. No significant differences were found between the two groups (p > 0.05), implying that the two agents have a similar whitening effect.2. The whitening effect was mainly due to changes in a and b values rather than in L value (brightness). The experimental group showed a significantly higher change in b value, thus yellow shade, than the control (p < 0 .05).3. None of the participants complained of tooth hypersensitivity or soft tissue complications, confirming the safety of both whitening agents.[J Kor Acad Cons Dent 34(2): [153][154][155][156][157][158][159][160] 2009]
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