Background The aim of the present study was to compare the prognostic impact of anatomic resection (AR) versus non-anatomic resection (NAR) on patient survival after resection of a single hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods To control for confounding variable distributions, a 1-to-1 propensity score match was applied to compare the outcomes of AR and NAR. Among 710 patients with a primary, solitary HCC of <5.0 cm in diameter that was resectable by either AR or NAR from 2003 to 2007 in Japan and Korea, 355 patients underwent NAR and 355 underwent AR of at least one section with complete removal of the portal territory containing the tumor. Results Overall survival (OS) was better in the AR than NAR group (hazard ratio 1.67, 95% confidence interval 1.28-2.19, P < 0.001) while disease-free survival showed no significant difference. Significantly fewer patients in the AR than NAR group developed intrahepatic HCC recurrence and multiple intrahepatic recurrences. Patients with poorly differentiated HCC who underwent AR had improved disease-free survival and OS. Conclusions Anatomic resection decreases the risk of tumor recurrence and improves OS in patients with a primary, solitary HCC of <5.0 cm in diameter.
Asian countries are witnessing a newly emerging cruise industry. This study presents a methodology for estimating various aspects of the cruise industry's economic impact using regional input-output (I-O) analysis. The methodology is applied to a study of the Port of Incheon (POI) that highlights the effects on both the regional and national economies as well as the interaction between the two regarding production induction, employment, and value added. The effects are analyzed under both the current situation and a scenario that includes development of shopping centers and amenities in Incheon in the future. The overall economic impact of the cruise sector on Incheon is relatively small compared to the impact on well-established cruise markets. This is because POI functions as a port of call for cruise lines, instead of a base port or home port, and earns cruise-related revenue mostly from the expenditures of passengers and crews. Moreover, cruise ship visits to POI mostly benefit the Seoul economy in terms of added value and job creation. The development scenario provides much greater economic benefits to Incheon and therefore justifies future development by POI and the city government.
LC and RC are comparable in terms of feasibility, safety, and reproducibility of outcomes in all cholecystectomy settings. Robotic assistance may be useful in managing biliary injuries during the LC procedure.
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