The Aims of this study are to investigate ecological environments and indoor-rearing conditions of Eurema hecabe for artificial rearing. Two different nesting site, a open area nearby small river(A area; Daejin-ri, Gonyang-myeon, Sachunsi, Gyoungsangnam-do) and a foot of a hill area(B area; Noryang-ri, Seolcheon-myeon, Namhae-gun, Kyoungsangnamdo), selected for investigation of ecological habitat environment, and investigated two times per month, during six month, from June to November in 2010. In result, the number of butterflies, Eurema hecabe, at the hill area(B area) was 6 times more than the open area(A area). We observed the number of eggs, larvae and puapae in the B area more times compared to those in the A area. In the B area, Lespedeza cuneata was higher preference than the other host plant, Lespedeza pilosa and Albizia julibrissin. For development of indoor-rearing conditions, common grass yellow butterfly, Eurema hecabe, was reared in a room condition. As a result of oviposition preference experiment, 100-mated-female laid significantly higher number of eggs 104.9 ± 19.6 on Lespedeza cuneata plant, whereas the number of eggs was 12.7 ± 4.5 on Cassia obtusifolia plant. Moreover, the eggs hatched within 5.1 ± 0.9 days from the day of oviposition and procent of egg hatchability was 53.7% on host plant. The headwidth of each developmental larval stage were 0.36 ± 0.02(1st), 0.61 ± 0.02(2nd), 0.93 ± 0.05(3rd), 1.46 ± 0.08(4th), 2.25 ± 0.11(5th). The larval period was 12.1 ± 0.9 days under high temperature, long day condition(25 o C, 16L : 8D), showing 81.0% pupal ratio. The pupal period was 6.9 ± 0.7 days, and the emergence rate was 79.6%. Based on above experiment, artificial rearing system of common grass yellow butterfly, Eurema hecabe was completed in indoor condition.

Two different feed(bran and swine feed) effect was tested on development of Tenebrio molitor at 25 ± 5 o C, 65 ± 10%RH. There was no significant feed effect on larval developmental periods(80.0~83.7 days), pupal length (18.1~18.7 mm) and fecundity(44.3~55.3 eggs) during first two days. However, fecundity was significantly affected by the pupal weight(P < 0.05), such that the number of eggs 172.3, 191.2, 215.0 gradually increased as pupal weight rose from 0.12 g, 0.15 g to 0.18 g, respectively. During the first two weeks of oviposition was 51.8%, which gradually decreased for further days. Longevity was 27.1 ± 6.9, 30.1 ± 7.8, 27.4 ± 8.5 days with increasing pupal weight of 0.12, 0.15, 0.18 g, respectively. Larval densities of 100, 300, 500 and 700 individuals reared in the container (16 × 21.5 × 7 cm) resulted 67.9% of the T. molitor pupation during first three weeks. Pupal weight was decreased 146.9 ± 6.5, 142.1 ± 8.3, 122.0 ± 9.6, 118.5 ± 5.2 mg when it was reared at different larval densities of 100, 300, 500 and 700 individuals, respectively in size of(16 × 21.5 × 7 cm) rearing container.

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The present study is to develop the rearing method of Gryllotalpa orientalis. In total 429 of G. orientalis were collected from the field rearing cage (25 m 2 ) in 2012. Its sex ratio was 1: 1.15(Female : Male). Survival rate of the mole crickets was 94.4~86.1% with the artificial diets formulated for the present study. Successful oviposition rate was 20, 20 and 80% for one, two and three pairs of adult crickets, respectively, from the indoor rearing. The mean number of hatchlings was 11.8 ± 21.7, 15.7 ± 26.4 and 25.8 ± 38.8, and the mean number of dead hatchlings 1.2, 1.7 and 1.2. The mortality of nymphs on horticultural soil and clay sand mixed with ocher was 18.3 and 10.0%, respectively. The mortality of nymphs in circular and rectangular cages was, respectively, 60 and 40%.