Herein we report our study on wool dyeing with natural alizarin in a vat system using the Argan's pulp. Natural alizarin was extracted from the Rubia tinctorum plant using enzymatic hydrolysis and alkaline solution. In order to assess the role of the reducer in the dyeing process, we tested one dye bath without reducer containing just alizarin extract and sodium carbonate solution at pH 8. In the vat preparation using these components, we used Argan's pulp as the reducer. Under relatively soft dyeing conditions for wool (60°C and pH 8) dyeing in the vat system realized a higher degree of dye fixation and wash fastness.
Reported herein are the results of an analysis of the compatibility of three methods for quantifying the non-adsorbed forms of reactive dyes, in an exhausted dyebath, of the type monochlorotriazine ⁄ b-sulphatoethylsulphone used in dyeing cellulosic fibres (cotton). The first method is based on spectrophotometric analysis and involves measuring the absorbance of the residual dyebath (after the dyeing process), the second is based on colorimetric analysis and involves measuring the reflectance of the dyed fabric and the third is based on high-performance liquid chromatography. The purpose of the latter is to identify and quantify the non-adsorbed dye forms in the residual dyebath. The calculated exhaustion values unequivocally prove the reliability and compatibility of these methods.
The objective of this study is to assess an enzymatic effect on the antifelting treatment of yarn and wool fabric. Enzymes, namely, the proteases cardosines A and B, are extracted from the flowers of the cardoon (Cynara cardunculus L) plant. Several conditions of enzymatic treatment are studied in order to optimize the antifelting process and improve shrink proofing. The optimal process is at 40 °C for 2 h in an alkaline medium at pH 10. The results show that the shrinkage of 16.8% for untreated yarn is reduced to 0%, while the shrinkage of 10% for the untreated fabric is reduced to 5%. In addition, the antifelting treatment increases the dye absorbance of a walnut stain (common walnut plant) on the yarn and wool fabric, although the fixation dye rate is decreased. Post oxidation is tested in order to improve the fixation dye rate and the washing fastness of juglone on the wool yarn and fabric.
The objective of this study was to assess the effect of ficin enzyme as a new antifelting agent acting on wool yarn and fabric. The treatment effect on the dyeing efficiency of luteoline colorant that was extracted from weld (Reseda luteola) was also evaluated. The structural
properties of antifelted and non-antifelted fibers were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. An optimal enzymatic process for antifelting and shrink proofing was achieved at 40 °C for 3 h in alkaline medium at pH 10. The treatment
increased the dye absorbance and fixation of luteoline colorant on the wool yarn and fabric. It also improved the fastness proprieties, particularly when a mixed mordant of natural alum and tannin from Acacia meransii were used.
The objective of the present study was to compare between the mixed dyeing of wool fiber in one and two dye baths using natural indigo (Indigofera tinctoria) and madder colorants (Rubia tinctorum). Based on the reduction and oxidation reaction conditions under the same dyeing mechanism for the indigo and madder colorants, the exhaustion rate of the mixed dyeing in two dye baths was higher than that for mixed dyeing in one dye bath. The poor exhaustion rate that was achieved when dyeing in a single dye bath indicated the incompatibility of both dyes when mixed in one dye bath. However, both methods achieved a rigid fixation as confirmed by washing-fastness test 105C6A01.
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