The impending next generation of mobile communications denoted 5G intends to interconnect user equipment, things, vehicles, and cities. It will provide an order of magnitude improvement in performance and network efficiency, and different combinations of use cases enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), ultra reliable low latency communications (URLLC), massive internet of things (mIoT) with new capabilities and diverse requirements. Adoption of advanced radio resource management procedures such as packet scheduling algorithms is necessary to distribute radio resources among different users efficiently. The proportional fair (PF) scheduling algorithm and its modified versions have proved to be the commonly used scheduling algorithms for their ability to provide a tradeoff between throughput and fairness. In this article, the buffer status is combined with the PF metric to suggest a new scheduling algorithm for efficient support for eMBB. The effectiveness of the proposed scheduling strategy is proved through à comprehensive experimental analysis based on the evaluation of different quality of service key performance indicators (QoS KPIs) such as throughput, fairness, and buffer status.
Over the years, several research groups have been developing effective and efficient scheduling algorithms to enhance the quality of service of mobile communication networks. The arrival of the fifth generation of mobile networks (5G) has shown the importance of advanced scheduling techniques to manage the limited frequency spectrum available while achieving 5G transmission requirements. This issue was picked up extensively within the research community due to the increasing demand for mobile communications and the desire for a fully connected world. Consequently, the scientific community has developed novel approaches and varied scheduling schemes to meet the needs of various applications and scenario conditions. In this context, this paper presents an overview of the state-of-the-art methods, highlights seminal and innovative research, and investigates the current state of 5G radio resource management. This review of literature compares emerging strategy methods based on their metrics, analyzes their performances, and emphasizes the existing works with a vision for the future of modern 5G and upcoming networks in terms of radio resource allocation to provide a thorough introspection of the literature. Furthermore, gaining a better understanding of the radio resource management state-of-the-art would provide valuable information for future work and might be helpful for new researchers in the field.
In this paper, the authors studied and designed a simple patch antenna with a rectangular shape and exploited it to construct an array formed by two antennas in parallel and another one formed by four antennas in parallel in the 5G millimeter band with an operating frequency of 27.5 GHz. This study aims to obtain better antenna performances like gain, directivity, S11, bandwidth, and efficiency. In this paper, we use a polyamide-type substrate with relative permittivity εr of constant value equal to 4.3, thickness hs of constant value equal to 0.15 mm, width Wg 3.77 mm and length Lg 4.55 mm, which represents a suitable material for antenna designs proposed in this paper. Furthermore, in this paper, the total size of this single printed antenna is equal to 2.578 3.35 0.15 mm 3 . The single patch antenna resonates at 27.0787 GHz with a return loss (S11) measurement value equal to -28.1548 dB, a bandwidth value equal to 1.03 GHz, a VSWR of 1.081, a gain value equal to 6.3 dB, a directivity value equal to 6.7 dB, and radiation efficiency of 92.64 %. The proposed 1 1 antenna array operates at 27.42 GHz and improves the performance achieved with a previous single antenna as follows, including S11 (down to -30 dB), gain (7.3 dB), and directivity (7.8 dB). Similarly, the proposed 2 2 antenna array successfully improves S11 down to -31.7 dB, gain up to 10.6 dB, bandwidth up to 1.07 GHz, and directivity up to 11.2 dB at a resonant frequency of 27.078 GHz. The antenna designs presented in this paper are performed using the highfrequency structure simulation (HFSS) tool. In addition, antennas proposed in this paper are adapted to the 27.5 GHz frequency range as well as applied to the 5G mobile communication system.
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