Biomass activated carbon has been widely used in the field of wastewater treatment because of its unique properties, such as high specific surface area and porosity, good adsorption capacity, good mechanical strength, rich functional groups and thermal stability. In this work, highland barley straw is recycled and made into activated carbon using hydrothermal carbonization and alkaline activation processes in which the dependence of the product properties on the activation temperature, as one of the critical parameters, is intensively investigated. Under the optimum conditions at an activation temperature of 1100 °C, activated carbon in the form of mesoporous structure and polycrystalline graphite was produced with a specific surface area as large as 1906 m2/g, which is superior to that of commercial products. To investigate the absorption capacity of the prepared samples for pollutants in water, such as heavy metals and organics, potassium dichromate and methylene blue were utilized as the simulated pollutants. The removal efficiency of Cr6+ and methylene blue in water reached 90.3 % within eight hours and 87.7 % within four hours, respectively, and this demonstrated an excellent absorption capacity for activated carbon converted from agricultural waste. Th e successful fabrication of activated carbon with a super large specific surface area and remarkable adsorption ability derived from highland barley straw through a hydrothermal carbonization and alkaline treatment demonstrated the feasibility of the “turning waste into wealth” recycling strategy. It has also shown great potential for use in environmental protection applications, especially for water purification.
Lightweight ceramsite is the core material for building to achieve energy-saving and low-carbon operation. The disposal of remediated soil by Cr (VI) -contaminated, waste glass and ceramics after remediation has always been a major problem in the environmental field. Herein, it analyzed the composition and sintering process of the above three solid wastes, after studying the component preparation and firing process, lightweight ceramsites with bulk density and grain density of 626.79 kg/m3 and 1142.56 kg/m3, respectively, were successfully prepared, and the leaching concentration of Cr (VI) was controlled at a low concentration level below 0.06 mg/L. Compared with the conventional ceramsite preparation technology, the method of firing ceramsite by the remediated soil, waste glass and ceramics can effect eliminate the environmental risk of solid waste and effectively reduce the consumption of clay and other resources, which has the technical advantages of safety, reliability, green and low carbon.
The balance of light transmittance, durability and self-cleaning performance of the coating film is the main reason that hinders the wide application of photocatalytic self-cleaning coating on building exterior glass. In this paper, TiO2 powder was prepared with different concentrations of tetrabutyl titanate, hydrochloric acid and ethanol; and following with compounded polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and waterborne polyurethane (PU) as adhesives; the mixed composite coating was loaded on the glass surface by spraying method to obtain superhydrophilic glass with self-cleaning properties. The physical and chemical properties of TiO2 composite films were characterized and tested by diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, optical contact angle measuring instrument and photocatalytic testing system. The results showed that the XRD analysis of the powder obtained with different alcohol-ester ratios showed that the crystal synthesis was successful, and the grain size conformed to the nanometer standard. TiO2 dispersion with a concentration of 0.08g/L, after 30min irradiation with ultraviolet lamp, the methyl orange added dropwise in the solution can be completely degraded; With the increase of TiO2 concentration, the photocatalytic efficiency increased rapidly, the contact angle decreased, when the TiO2 concentration reached 0.3% and 3% binder compounding, the surface of the composite coating film was still smooth at the nanometer level, the visible light transmittance was between 86.95%-88.89%, and the contact angle was reduced from the initial 46.49° to 14.89° after 2h of ultraviolet illumination. After 5 repeated degradation experiments and outdoor 180D standing test, the composite coating film has recyclability and good durability. Therefore, TiO2 composite coating prepared by this method has a wide application prospect in the daily cleaning and subsequent maintenance of building glass.
Because the electricity storage of renewable energy is irregular, the battery in this system will be impacted by current. This will also have a negative impact on the battery life, increase the project cost and lead to pollute the environment. This study proposes a method to improve battery life: the hybrid energy storage system of super-capacitor and lead-acid battery is the key to solve these problems.
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