This paper presents a passive cavity type Ultra High Frequency (UHF) Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) tag antenna having the longest read-range, and compares it with existing long-range UHF RFID tag antenna. The study also demonstrates mathematically and experimentally that our proposed longest-range UHF RFID cavity type tag antenna has a longer read-range than existing passive tag antennas. Our tag antenna was designed with 140 × 60 × 10 mm 3 size, and reached 26 m measured read-range and 36.3 m mathematically calculated read-range. This UHF tag antenna can be applied to metal and non-metal objects. By adding a further sensing capability, it can have a great benefit for the Internet of Things (IoT) and wireless sensor networks (WSN).Keywords: RFID tag antenna; long range RFID tag; cavity antenna; RFID metal tag; RFID sensors; Internet of things; wireless sensor network; RFID-based IoT; RFID based WSN; smart RFID IntroductionRFID uses electromagnetic fields to identify automatically and to track tags attached on any object. It's used for applications like animal tagging, asset tracking, electronic passports, smartcards, store security, logistic and etc. [1]. The tags store object information electronically. There are passive and active RFID tags. There are LF (low frequency), HF (high frequency) and UHF RFID tag antennas [2] based on the frequency bands. Passive tags have no battery and collect energy from nearby RFID readers by interrogating radio waves, whereas active tags have a battery and can be detected over 100 m.According to applications and design technology, there are many articles published about UHF active tags. The read-range of the active tag is above 1 km with tag sensitivity under −80 dBm in 5.8 GHz and 433MHz bands [3][4][5]. On the other hand, a general passive UHF tags have about 10-20 m read-range based on the sensitivity of the tag chip and the types of antennas.Our passive UHF RFID tags have longer read-range than other designs. There will be benefits of tag with longer read-range since it can be incorporate with the sensing and communicating capabilities.Article [6] describes many novel applications of RFID sensors, novel antennas for metallic surface, 3D antennas, multi-band antennas, omnidirectional, and directional antennas in UHF, HF, or microwaves (MW) frequency bands. The sizes and read-range are also compared with different RFID Chips, and the longest read-range in the article is 14.6 m for the metal mountable antenna. Our passive UHF RFID tag had 26 m read-range using Higgs 4 RFID Chip manufactured by Alien Tech. Higgs 4 has sensitivity of −20.5 dBm.The more sensitivity of RFID tag chip has longer read-range with the same antenna. Different manufactures and different RFID chips have different level of sensitivities. The chip with the better sensitivity allows the tag to be read from farther range. If tag with longer read-range is integrated with sensors, it can have the following advantages: wireless powered identification in non-line-of-sight way, wide coverage and mobility RF...
In this paper, various locations of an Ultra High Frequency (UHF) Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) tag on automotive license plates have been considered based on the radiation pattern of the tag antenna. A small, 130 × 50 mm, passive loop antenna type UHF RFID tag for an automotive license plate was simulated with an EM simulation CST program. It was designed to have a larger back-lobe radiation pattern since the front side of the tag faces the back side of the plate holder to protect the tag antenna from bugs and dust when the automobile runs. The tag was attached to the side of a license plate holder with a dimension of 520 × 110 mm, the typical size of the standard license plate. The reflection coefficient of the tag antenna is −21 dB at 920 MHz, and the gain of the tag antenna is 6.29 dBi at the back-lobe. The reading range of the tag antenna with the plate holder, which was measured in an open field, is about 10.3 m, and the reading range of the tag installed on the bumper from the front of the vehicle is 9.4 m. The tag antenna is small enough to apply to a real automobile, and it is applicable because it uses the back-lobe pattern, so it does not require an extra device for protection from damage.
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