Based on the dissipation rate conservation equations of turbulent kinetic energy in the k-ε turbulence model, a complicated three-dimensional finite element model of a kitchen filled with gas mixture is developed by using the open source field operation and manipulation (OpenFOAM). Two representative kitchens were used to investigate the propagation law of the shock wave of a gas explosion inside a building by considering the key characteristics of the blast shock wave. The influence of some crucial parameters, such as initial conditions and kitchen parameters, on the properties of the blast shock wave is investigated. The basic steps to predict the peak pressure of the blast shock wave are given in consideration of the initial condition and the kitchen whilst the injury effect of the blast shock wave on the humans and animals is evaluated. The research results indicate that the pressure time history and the peak pressure space distribution are greatly influenced by the kitchen design layout. The coupled interaction between the initial temperature and gas volume concentration, especially at the upper and lower explosion limits of the gas, significantly affects the peak pressure. The peak pressure varies significantly with the opening and the buffer; however, it has little relation with the width, length, and height of the kitchen. The proposed method can accurately and effectively predict the peak pressure of the blast shock wave inside buildings. In terms of the peak pressure space distribution of the explosion shock wave, the peak pressure is much higher than the threshold of the killing pressure, which is unsafe for the humans and animals in the building.
A numerical model of 84 high-strength concrete-filled square steel tubular columns (HSCFST) with local defects is developed using ABAQUS. The effects of parameters such as crack angle, crack length, impact surface and impact energy on the impact resistance of HSCFST columns are considered. The results show that under the effect of local corrosion, a model with horizontal cracks will show the phenomenon of crack closure when subjected to the front impact. The impact force platform value is mainly affected by the impact surface, followed by the crack angle, while the increase of the crack length mainly has a greater effect on the model of the rear impact. The impact resistance of the front impact model is better than that of the side and rear impact models. Increasing the crack length and decreasing the crack angle will increase the mid-span deflection of the model, and the mid-span deflection of the front impact model is smaller than that of the side and rear impact models. The energy absorption ratio of the model is proportional to the increase of the crack length and inversely proportional to the increase of the crack angle. Decreasing the crack angle will reduce the increase coefficient (Rd) of the dynamic flexural capacity of the model. A practical calculation method for the increased coefficient of the dynamic flexural capacity of HSCFST columns under local corrosion is proposed.
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