The life-cycle of the Yellow River-crossing tunnel is divided into six stages, including planning, design, bidding, construction, operation,maintenance, and disposal. To ensure the safety of the tunnel during various stages, the concept of life-cycle risk management is introduced. The article identified the risks in all stages and proposed corresponding measures for risk controlling, some of which were already applied in the project and achieved good effect.
This paper studied the effect of carbon fiber dosage, concrete age, size of defect, and eater pressure on the electrical conductivity of carbon fiber reinforced concrete (CFRC). Insulating films were buried in the concrete to simulate inside cracking. The carbon fiber was added as the conductive material of the concrete. The electrical conductivity was measured with a two-electrode method with a DC power. The test results show that concrete age, defect area and the external water pressure are the main factors influencing the electrical conductivity of CFRC, while the number and location of defects have less effect.
In recent years, computational aesthetics, which connects science and art, is becoming a new interdisciplinary field that brings technology into art creating. With advanced CAD technology and artificial intelligence, computational aesthetics has been widely used in many design fields such as architecture and industry design. Famous design companies such as Foster+Partners, Zaha Hadid and BIG have already adopted computational and parametric design method as a competitive way to enhance creativity. But there are still some argues that this new aesthetics is superficial or even cold. In terms of generative art, as an advanced digital art, reveals a new aesthetic power, which is impressive. In this context, the purpose of the study aims at comparing computational aesthetics with aesthetics to reveal their differentiation and correlation that benefit for designer to fresh the cognition of this new approach vice versa. As methods of this research, firstly previous researches and literature are collected and comparatively analyzed on the concept and relationships of aesthetics and computational aesthetics, as well as the assessment method. Secondly, through case studies, under the characters of these two aesthetic approaches in design field, three representative cases are selected to be deeply investigated by collecting and analyzing relevant articles, books and online materials to explain the respective features. Then, after comparison and further analysis, explaining how computational aesthetics as a rational aesthetic expression can augment the limit of human aesthetic experience and the design thinking process. The final results of this paper point that aesthetics dominated by emotional mind belongs to a top-down thinking process, while computational aesthetics because of its algorithmic generated basis, which dominated by logic mind, it belongs to a bottom-up thinking process. It is expected that the findings based on this research can provide certain guidance for designers to make good use of them.
The safety appraisal of the sluice includes safety check on site and calculation. The safety coefficient of the yellow river sluice is high which indicates significant importance. The traditional structure safety calculation models of frame structure are two dimensional. In this passage three dimensions models of the sluice frame structure was built with finite element analysis software ETABS to analysis the ratio of reinforcement, combined with safety check on site, using shaking type table theory of decomposition reaction method. Compared with the original design, the posts can’t fulfill the requests for fortification against earthquakes. The frame structure should be reinforced.
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