The seawater intrusion, as special environment caused by unreasonable development utilization of water resources at coastal areas, widely exists at home and abroad. In recent years, the phenomenon of groundwater over-pumping in Yantai City is increasingly serious and seawater intrusion problems also occur constantly. Further investigation of seawater intrusion status in Yantai city, analysis of correlation of seawater intrusion and over exploitation of groundwater, combined with the actual situation of Yantai City, explore the mode of groundwater resources utilization in seawater intrusion area. For the effective prevention of seawater intrusion, it has important significance to do the efficient development and utilization of groundwater resources well.
Natural water cycle is of river-basin characteristic, with obvious river-basin regularity in formation, movement and change. The development and utilization of river-basin water resources are of important significance to solve the shortage of water resources. Dagujia river is the second largest river in Yantai. But with fast development of social economy and population growth of Yantai city, Dagujia river resources have been overexploited, resulting in corresponding environmental effects. Based on the thorough investigation of the current water resources utilization, the paper analyses the production and the change trend of environmental effects and discusses projects and management mode in order to achieve efficient utilization of water resources.
Gas migration behind casings can occur in wells where the annular cement barrier fails to provide adequate zonal isolation. A direct consequence of gas migration is annular pressure build-up at wellhead, referred to as sustained casing pressure (SCP). Current mathematical models for analyzing SCP normally assume gas migration along the cemented interval to be single-phase steady-state Darcy flow in the absence of gravity and use a drift-flux model for two-phase transport through the mud column above the cement. By design, such models do not account for the possible simultaneous flow of gas and liquid along the annulus cement or the impact of liquid saturation within the cemented intervals on the surface pressure build-up. We introduce a general compressible two-fluid model which is solved over the entire well using a newly developed numerical scheme. The model is first validated against field observations and used for a parametric study. Next, detailed studies are performed, and the results demonstrate that the surface pressure build-up depends on the location of cement intervals with low permeability, and the significance of two-phase co-current or counter-current flow of liquid and gas occurs along cement barriers that have an initial liquid saturation. As the magnitude of the frictional pressure gradient associated with counter-current of liquid and gas can be comparable to the relevant hydrostatic pressure gradient, two-phase flow effects can significantly impact the interpretation of the wellhead pressure build-up.
Groundwater is one of main water supply sources of Jiaodong Peninsula. The groundwater withdrawal accounts for more than 50% of the allowable. With the thorough analysis of groundwater resources quantity and their distribution rule, we make comprehensive analysis and evaluation on the development potential of groundwater of Jiaodong Peninsula. And combined with the actual situation of Jiaodong Peninsula, we discuss four supplement measures to improve groundwater resources.
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