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DNA holds great potential for species identification and efforts to create a DNA database of all animals and plants currently contains >7.5 million sequences representing Cognato et al. Taxonomic Expertise Improves Beetle DNA-Identification species was poor. In a demonstration of iterative taxonomy, we constructed parsimonybased phylogenies using COI and CAD sequences for two genera. Although not all clades were resolved or supported, we provided better explanations for species boundaries in light of morphological and DNA sequence differences. Confident species identifications demonstrated <3% COI and <1% CAD difference and recognition of new species became more probable when there was >10-12% COI and/or >2-3% CAD. Involvement of taxonomic experts from the start of this project was essential for the creation of a stable foundation for the DNA identification of xyleborine species. In general, their role in DNA barcoding cannot be underestimated and is further discussed.

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Background Respiratory syncytial virus related acute respiratory infection (RSV-ARI) constitutes a substantial disease burden in adults with comorbidities. We aimed to identify all studies investigating the disease burden of RSV-ARI in this group. Methods We estimated the incidence, hospitalization rate, and in-hospital case fatality ratio (hCFR) of RSV-ARI in adults with comorbidities based on a systematic review of studies published between January 1996 and March 2020. We also investigated the association between RSV-ARI and any comorbidity in adults. Meta-analyses based on random effects model were carried out. Results Overall, 20 studies were included. The annual incidence rate of RSV-ARI in adults with any comorbidity was 37.6 (95% confidence interval [CI], 20.1–70.3) per 1000 persons per year in industrialized countries and the seasonal incidence rate was 28.4 (11.4–70.9) per 1000 persons per season. The hCFR in industrialized countries was 11.7% (5.8%–23.4%). There were no studies in developing countries. There were insufficient data to generate the meta-estimate of hospitalization rate. The likelihood of experiencing RSV-ARI for those with any comorbidity compared to those without was estimated to be 4.1 (odds ratio [OR], 1.6–10.4) and 1.1 (OR, 0.6–1.8) from studies using univariable and multivariable analysis respectively. Conclusion The disease burden of RSV-ARI among adults with comorbidity is substantial with limited data available.

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Abstract:The segmentation of urban scene mobile laser scanning (MLS) data into meaningful street objects is a great challenge due to the scene complexity of street environments, especially in the vicinity of street objects such as poles and trees. This paper proposes a three-stage method for the segmentation of urban MLS data at the object level. The original unorganized point cloud is first voxelized, and all information needed is stored in the voxels. These voxels are then classified as ground and non-ground voxels. In the second stage, the whole scene is segmented into clusters by applying a density-based clustering method based on two key parameters: local density and minimum distance. In the third stage, a merging step and a re-assignment processing step are applied to address the over-segmentation problem and noise points, respectively. We tested the effectiveness of the proposed methods on two urban MLS datasets. The overall accuracies of the segmentation results for the two test sites are 98.3% and 97%, thereby validating the effectiveness of the proposed method.

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