Even though synthetic colorants can cause side effects such as allergies and pigmentation, they have not been sufficiently researched. Herein, high-performance liquid chromatography, liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, and liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-Q-TOF-MS) were used to detect 13 banned synthetic colorants in cosmetics and characterize their fragmentation. The developed HPLC method was validated following the International Conference on Harmonisation guidelines (specificity, limit of detection, limit of quantification, recovery, linearity, accuracy, and precision) and applied to 120 distributed cosmetic products, one of which was found to contain three illegal synthetic colorants, namely Basic Blue 26 (0.33 mg/g), Basic Red 2 (0.53 mg/g), and Basic Yellow 28 (31.50 mg/g). Additionally, based on their fragment ions obtained using LC-Q-TOF-MS, the fragmentation pattern of synthetic colorants was predicted. Thus, our work paves the way for the reliable detection of illegal synthetic colorants and may help to prevent the distribution of cosmetics containing the same.
Atopic dermatitis is a typical chronic inflammatory skin disease that affects all age groups and requires basic skin care for treatment. Anti-inflammatory and antiallergy steroids are the most frequently used treatments but they are limited due to their side effects caused by a weakening of the immune system. Many consumers focus on performance as a criterion for selecting cosmetics. However, steroids have been illegally used to improve the performance of cosmetics, and consumers have been adversely affected by the corresponding side effects. In this paper, we propose a simple and rapid method using liquid chromatographytandem mass spectrometry to simultaneously analyze ten non-permitted atopic therapeutic compounds in cosmetic products: chlorpheniramine maleate, ketotifen fumarate, doxepin hydrochloride, azelastine hydrochloride, bufexamac, clotrimazole, tranilast, fusidic acid, tacrolimus, and pimecrolimus. Additionally, the major characteristic fragment ions for tacrolimus, pimecrolimus, and clotrimazole were identified by time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The specificity, linearity, limit of detection, limit of quantification, recovery, precision, accuracy, and stability of the proposed method were validated. The limit of detection and quantification were in the ranges of 5.05-203.30 pg/mL and 15.15-609.90 pg/mL, respectively. The proposed analysis method could help improve the safety management of cosmetics. K E Y W O R D Satopic dermatitis, illegal cosmetics, liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry, therapeutics, topical calcineurin inhibitors Abbreviations: AD, atopic dermatitis; Q-TOF-MS, quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry; MRM, multiple reaction monitoring; TCI, topical calcineurin inhibitor INTRODUCTIONAtopic dermatitis (AD) refers to a chronic refractory inflammatory skin disease caused by a combination of genetic, environmental, and immunological factors of an
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