Background: Catechins, which are polyphenol compounds found in many plants and are an important component of tea leaves, are strong anti-oxidants. Research: Many studies seek to enhance the effects of catechins on the human body and boost their protective power against UV radiation. There are many examples of the positive anti-microbial, anti-viral, anti-inflammatory, anti-allergenic, and anti-cancer effects of catechins. Catechins increase the penetration and absorption of healthy functional foods and bio cosmetics into the body and the skin, thus improving their utility. High value-added antioxidant substances have been extracted from food and plant sludge, and experiments have shown that catechins are safe when applied to the human body. The stability of catechins is very important for their absorption into the human body and the effectiveness of their anti-oxidant properties.Conclusion: Continued research on the strong anti-oxidant effects of catechins is expected to result in many advances in the food, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical industries.

Background: 6-Shogaol is a constituent of ginger that imparts the pungent flavor and a hydrolysis product of gingerols. This study aimed to investigate the potential of 6-shogaol as a natural cosmetic raw material by examining its anti-apoptotic, antioxidant, and anti-aging effects in human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs). Methods: Cell cycle analysis, ApoAlert caspase-3 colorimetric assay, and qRT-PCR analysis to assess the anti-apoptotic effects and qRT-PCR to measure the expression of SOD, CAT, and NRF2 to assess the antioxidant effects of 6-shogaol were performed; dichlorofluorescein diacetate was used to measure reactive oxygen species (ROS). Anti-aging effects were examined using qRT-PCR analysis to measure the expression of COL1A1 and MMP1 as well as using an SA-beta Gal assay. Results: 6-Shogaol showed no toxicity in HDFs at concentrations 5, 10, and 20 μM, and increased cell viability in a dose-dependent manner. qRT-PCR analysis showed that 6-shogaol pre-treatment downregulated the expression of BAX, caspase 3, and caspase 9 in a dose-dependent manner. Sub-G1 cells, which are rarely found in the normal cell cycle, decreased in a concentration-dependent manner after 6-shogaol pre-treatment, and treatment ameliorated the ROS increase observed upon UVA (10 J/cm 2) irradiation of HDFs and the expression of NRF2 increased in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, the expression of SOD and CAT, which are typical cellular antioxidant enzymes, increased. 6-Shogaol also increased the expression of COL1A1, the gene type 1 collagen in HDFs, and decreased the expression of MMP1, which codes for an enzyme that degrades type 1 collagen, thus promoting collagen formation. Conclusions: These results suggest that 6-shogaol can be used as a cosmetic material for preventing skin aging because of the cytoprotective, anti-apoptotic, and antioxidant effects in the HDFs identified in this study.

Background: Owing to the COVID-19 pandemic, consumers' interest in the environment has increased. This has also led to increased interest in eco-friendly products and cosmetics. To increase consumers' purchase intention of eco-friendly cosmetics, this study explores the influence of consumer innovativeness and cosmetic selection attributes on their purchase intention of eco-friendly cosmetics.Objective: This study aims to provide practical marketing data for eco-friendly cosmetic companies and contribute to increasing consumers' purchase intention.Methods: This study collected data through self-administered surveys and analyzed the collected data using SPSS ver. 24.0. Results: Our statistical analysis shows that the functional, hedonic, cognitive, and social innovativeness of consumer innovativeness and the brand, quality, and price of cosmetic selection attributes positively (+) influence purchase intention of eco-friendly cosmetics. Conclusion:Our statistical results show that consumer innovativeness and cosmetic selection attributes positively influence the purchase intention of eco-friendly cosmetics. We expect that targeting consumers who have high consumer innovativeness and favor brand-, quality-, and price-centered marketing can increase consumers' positive purchase intention.