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The baryon-antibaryon spectrum consisting of strange, charm and bottom quarks is studied in the color flux-tube model with a multi-body confinement interaction. Numerical results indicate that many low-spin baryon-antibaryon states can form compact hexaquark states and are stable against the decay into a baryon and an antibaryon. The multi-body confinement interaction as a binding mechanism plays an important role in the formation of the states. They can be searched in the $e^+e^-$ annihilation and charmonium or bottomonium decay if they really exist. The newly reported states, X(1835), X(2370), Y(2175), Y(4360) and Y_b(10890), may be interpreted as $N\bar{N}$, $\Delta\bar{\Delta}$, $\Lambda\bar{\Lambda}$, $\Lambda_c\bar{\Lambda}_c$ and $\Lambda_b\bar{\Lambda}_b$ states, respectively.Comment: 8 pages, 3 figure

Researches in the several decades have shown that the dynamics of gravity is closely related to thermodynamics of the horizon. In this paper, we derive the Friedmann acceleration equation based on the idea of "emergence of space" and thermodynamics of the Hubble horizon whose temperature is obtained from the unified first law of thermodynamics. Then we derive another evolution equation of the universe based on the energy balance relation ρVH = T S. Combining the two evolution equations and the equation of state of the cosmic matter, we obtain the evolution solutions of the FRW universe. We find that the solutions obtained by us include the solutions obtained in the standard general relativity(GR) theory. Therefore, it is more general to describe the evolution of the universe in the thermodynamic way.

In this paper, we develop a new method that is different from the Schwinger proper time method to deduce the fermion propagator with a constant external magnetic field. In the NJL model, we use this method to find the gap equation at zero and nonzero temperature and give the numerical results and phase diagram between the magnetic field and temperature. Additionally, we introduce the current mass to study the susceptibilities because there is a new parameter (the strength of the external magnetic field) in this problem. Corresponding to this new parameter, we define a new susceptibility χ B to compare with the other two susceptibilities χ c (chiral susceptibility) and χ T (thermal susceptibility). All three susceptibilities show that when the current mass is not zero, the phase transition is a crossover, while for comparison, in the chiral limit, the susceptibilities show a second order phase transition. Last, we give the critical coefficients of different susceptibilities in the chiral limit.