We propose a new sealed battery operating on a redox reaction between an oxide (O2−) and a peroxide (O22−) with its theoretical specific energy of 2570 Wh kg−1 (897 mAh g−1, 2.87 V) and demonstrate that a Co-doped Li2O cathode exhibits a reversible capacity over 190 mAh g−1, a high rate capability, and a good cyclability with a superconcentrated lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)amide electrolyte in acetonitrile. The reversible capacity is largely dominated by the O2−/O22− redox reaction between oxide and peroxide with some contribution of the Co2+/Co3+ redox reaction.

A simple method for constructing gold nanoparticle-modified electrodes with three-dimensional nanostructures is demonstrated. The electrodes were prepared by casting citrate-reduced AuNPs onto polycrystalline gold electrodes. The resultant electrodes had a large surface area-to-volume ratio, adequate for high protein loading and conferring high stability. The gold nanoparticle electrodes were covered with a self-assembled monolayer of 11-mercaptoundecanoic acid for electrostatic immobilization of cytochrome c (cyt c). At the electrode, direct, reversible electron transfer from cyt c was observed with remarkable stability. Moreover, an extremely high surface coverage of electrochemically active cyt c, 167 fully packed monolayers, was obtained through use of the electrode.

Developments of large-scale energy storages with not only low cost and high safety but also abundant metals are significantly demanded. While lithium ion batteries are the most successful method, they cannot satisfy all conditions. Here we show the principle of novel lithium-free secondary oxygen rocking aqueous batteries, in which oxygen shuttles between the cathode and anode composed of iron-based perovskite-related oxides Ca0.5La0.5FeOz (2.5 ≤ z ≤ 2.75 and 2.75 ≤ z ≤ 3.0). Compound Ca0.5La0.5FeOz can undergo two kinds of reduction and reoxidation of Fe4+/Fe3+ and Fe3+/Fe2+, that are accompanied by reversible and repeatable topotactic oxygen extraction and reinsertion during discharge and charge processes.

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