Yoslan Nur
The development of Batam - an Indonesian island covering an area of 415 km2, located at 20 km Southeast of Singapore - started in the early 1970's. The aim was to compete with Singapore as the economic capital of the Southeast Asian region. But at the end of the 1980's, Batam's economic development was integrated with Singapore's in the economic cooperation of the Growth Triangle of Singapore, Johor et Riau (known as "Sijori"). The goal of this cooperation is to promote regional economic development through transborder cooperation.
The integration of Batam in the Growth Triangle of Sijori is a very efficient means to promote the island's development through : the increase of private investment, the creation of jobs in industry, tourism and services sectors. The island has also experienced a rapid increase in : gross regional product (GRP), the value of exports, the number of tourists and migrants. Singapore became the first foreign investor in Batam. This situation has made Batam dependent on Singapore for : sources of capital, supply of assembly parts for the manufacturing industry, export of industrial products and marketing of Batam tourist industry.
: As reflected in the title, the main objective of the paper is to explore an appropriate approach to promote technological innovation for developing countries. Aiming to this goal, the paper studies three main innovation system approaches, whose implantation is being attempted in developing countries: first, national innovation systems (NIS), which was developed in OECD countries; second, the system of innovation for development (SID), which is a concept that tries to adapt NIS to developing countries; and third, inclusive innovation which is a pro-poor innovation system. Based on the strengths and the weaknesses of each concept and their potential adaptation in developing countries, the paper proposes an integrated approach of innovation system for developing countries. Compared to developed countries, the concept of innovation system in developing countries should be more complex because it involves not only the formal sector such as enterprises, universities, research institutes, government, and financial system but it also involves NGOs, informal companies, grassroots inventors, local and indigenous knowledge, etc. The last part of the paper discusses the ideas that innovation stakeholders in developing countries can use to promote their proper innovation system.
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