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Femtosecond pump-probe experiments with a time resolution of 100 fs have been performed for copper particles with a radius of 4 nm. Differential absorption spectra for a pump centered at 2.05 eV indicates the broadening of the absorption band due to the surface plasmon. The nonlinear response time derived from the recovery time of the nonlinear absorption is dependent on the pumping laser fluences, and is as short as 0.7 ps for 210 μJ/cm2. The relaxation dynamics of nonequilibrium electrons can be described by the usual electron-phonon coupling model.

This book is an introduction to recent progress in the development and application of glass with special photonics properties. Glass has a number of structural and practical advantages over crystalline materials, including excellent homogeneity, variety of form and size, and the potential for doping with a variety of dopant materials. Glasses with photonic properties have great potential and are expected to play a significant role in the next generation of multimedia systems. Fundamentals of glass materials are explained in the first chapter, and the book then proceeds to a discussion of gradient index glass, laser glasses, nonlinear optical glasses and magneto-optical glasses. Beginning with the basic theory, the book discusses actual problems, performance and applications of glasses. The book will be of value to graduate students, researchers and professional engineers working in materials science, chemistry and physics with an interest in photonics and glass with special properties.

Gradient-index rod lenses with a parabolic-index profile have been fabricated by a double Na-Ag ion-exchange process, and their optical characteristics have been evaluated. The numerical aperture and minimum focused spot diameter of the 2-mm diam rod lens were 0.58 and 2.5 microm for lambda = 0.63 microm, respectively. Because of the high diffusing rate for Ag ions, this technique offers the possibility of making large-sized (larger than 10 mm-diam) rod lenses for photographic uses.

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