In order to evaluate three peak detection algorithms, the influences of parameter values used were examined using digitized synthetic XPS spectra with different levels of noise. The three peak detection algorithms are the Threshold Curve of the Second Derivative (2nd DER method), the Directly Calculating Peak and Background Relations at a Candidate Peak (PB method), and the Rough Estimation of Spectrum Background (BGD method). The peak detection results clearly showed that particular combination of parameter values produce the best performance for each algorithm. The validity of those parameter values was assessed by comparing the results from the peak detection algorithms with those of visual detection. On the whole, the BGD method was found to be the most practical. The importance of choosing effective parameter values and the advantages and disadvantages of these three peak detection methods were summarized.
Three kinds of peak detecting algorithms for AES and XPS spectrum are proposed. These peak detecting methods are composed of three stages of algorithms: rough estimation of the background; direct calculation of the peak and background relation at the candidate peak; and application of the second derivative curve. This report provides concrete methods of finding peaks in a measured spectrum of surface analysis based on an empirical investigation of how to detect significant signals among faint ones. Algorithms and characteristics of the respective peak detecting methods are discussed. 2. General considerations regarding peak detection Described herein are basic data processing methods and specific aspects of detecting peaks such as peak detection criteria, the detection of poorly resolved peaks, small and broad peaks and overlapped peaks with valleys.
The differential cross sections for p+p-)p+anything process are calculated by assuming similar behavior between the charge and hadronic matter distributions in the proton. We have introduced "inelasticity factor" to explain the highly inelastic process. Our results are compared with the existing experimental data on p+p-)p+anything process at 10, 12.4, 20, 30, 500, 1100 and 1500Ge VI c. Agreement with the data is remarkably good in spite of very few parameters.
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