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Based on accurate X-ray diffraction intensity data collected from spherically shaped single crystals, net atomic charges and electron density distributions have been studied for MnO, Mn2SiO 4,

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The crystal structure of rutile (Ti0 2 ) has been studied at high temperatures up to about 1600°C based on sets of single crystal X-ray diffraction intensities collected on a four-circle diffractometer. The thermal expansion coefficients for the a-and c-axes in the measured temperature range were a" = 8.9(1) χ 10" 6 °C _I and ot c = 11.1(1) χ 10~6 °C _1 , respectively. The thermal response of the octahedra about Ti is such that the thermal coefficient for the four short equatorial Ti -Ο bonds was 8.4(3) χ 10 " 6 ° C " 1 and for the two long apical Ti -Ο bonds 11.5(3) χ 10 " 6 °C _1 . The rate of thermal expansion of the octahedral shared edge is relatively large under ~ 1200°C, while it becomes small above ~ 1200°C. An / to l 0 ratio, which we denote shrinkage index, however, decreases with the raise of temperature (/ = the length of the shared edge at a temperature; l 0 = the edge length of a regular octahedron having the same volume as the Ti octahedron has at the same temperature).

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3-Fluorothalidomide, a nonracemizable isosteric analogue of thalidomide, was successfully prepared by perchloryl fluoride fluorination of a 3-phthalimidopiperidin-2-one derivative followed by RuO2 oxidation. In the preliminary biological evaluation of (R)- and (S)-enantiomers, it was shown that the (S)-isomer was found to be more active than both the (R)-isomer and the racemic thalidomide in lipopolysaccharide-induced TNF-α production enhancement produced from human peripheral blood lymphocytes cultivated in vitro.