The data suggests that e-PTFE membrane is more effective compared to resorbable membranes and controls for bone regeneration after apicectomy, and that calcium sulphate could be substituted for e-PTFE membrane.

The use of calcium sulphate was effective in bone regeneration on both large osseous defects and 'through and through' osseous defects. It was less effective in osseous defects communicating with the gingival sulcus.

We studied 118 patients using endoscopic color Doppler ultrasonography (ECDUS) to evaluate perforating veins of esophageal varices. The ECDUS was performed with a PENTAX FG‐32UA or FG‐36UX (7.5 MHz, convex type) and a HITACHI EUB 565 was used as a display device. We defined the perforating veins as communicating vessels between esophageal varices and paraesophageal veins. We evaluated the detection rate and the direction of blood flow in the perforating veins. Color flow images of perforating veins were obtained in 43 of the 118 (36.4%) patients. We classified the perforating veins into three types. Type 1 was characterized as an inflow type from paraesophageal veins to esophageal varices, Type 2 as an outflow type from esophageal varices to paraesophageal veins and Type 3 as a mixed type showing both inflow and outflow. Type 1 was recognized iri 37 (86.0%), Type 2 in four (9.3%) and Type 3 in two (4.7%) of 43 patients. We conclude that ECDUS is a useful modality for obtaining diagnostic color flow images of perforating veins, and for evaluating the blood flow direction in perforating veins. (Dig Endosc 1996; 8: 180‐183)

No abstract

We studied 14 patients using endoscopic color Doppler ultrasonography (ECDUS) to evaluate the hemodynamics of gastric varices, and evaluated the endoscopic therapeutic effects on gastric varices in 8 patients. Three patients had F3 type gastric varices and eleven had F2. The ECDUS was performed with a PENTAX FG‐32UA (7.5MHz, convex type) and a HITACHI EUB 565 was used as a display machine. The intramural blood flow in the gastric varices and inflows from the extra‐gastric wall were clearly observed with the ECDUS in all 14 patients. The extramural blood flow (gastro or spleno‐renal shunts) was detected in 9 of 14 patients. The velocity of the intramural flow in tumorous type varices (F3) was higher than in the nodular or flat elevated type (Fa). Next, we evaluated the therapeutic effects on gastric varices of the ECDUS. The successful disappearance of intramural blood flow was observed in 6 of 8 patients who had this endoscopic therapy. In two of the 8 patients, there was not enough therapeutic effect on the intramural blood flow. The extramural blood flow, however, did not change before or after endoscopic therapy with the ECDUS. Therefore, we concluded that ECDUS is a very useful modality for the diagnosis of hemodynamics and to evaluate the therapeutic effects on gastric varices.