[reaction: see text] D-Mannono-1,4-lactone was efficiently converted into L-ribose in eight steps. A key step of this synthesis is the cyclization of a gamma-hydroxyalkoxamate under Mitsunobu conditions. It is noteworthy that the O-alkylation product was obtained in 94% yield and that none of the N-alkylation product was detected in this cyclization.
HMMs are often used for gesture recognition because of the robustness. However, the computational cost and accuracy of recognition are important for real applications such as gesture recognition, speech recognition or virtual reality.In this paper, we propose methods for performance improvement of gesture recognition using HMMs. For the computational cost, we use KL transform to compress the input information and propose a recursive calculation method for the HMMs' probabilities. For the accuracy of recognition, we use an automaton layered up on HMMs to deal with context information of gestures. We also show experimental results to make the efficiency of our methods clear.
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