Swollen chips made from trees felled during clear-cutting were composted with various organic and inorganic materials in an aerobic composting reactor for 5 months and then piled for 5 months. The organic materials included chicken feces, urea, nitrogenous lime (calcium cyanamide, manure), and material rapidly composted from food garbage in 24-h bacterial fermentation, while the inorganic materials were coal ash and volcanic ash. In this paper, we first attempt to estimate the quality and degree of maturity of each compost from its chemical properties. Furthermore, we try to calculate the maturity of the fermented wood chip composts from their mixture ratio of the initial materials by multiple linear regression analysis. We measured changes in the C/N ratio, nitrate nitrogen (NO3-N) content, percentage of humic acid in the alkali soluble fraction (PQ), cation exchange capacity, pH, and EC during the composting period. The degrees of maturity of the composts were estimated via a plant growth test using Chinese cabbage. We found that the CN ratio, NO3-N concentration, and PQ were suitable for estimating the degree of maturity of wood chip composts. For maturity, the CN ratio should be less than 14, the PQ more than 66.2, and the NO3-N concentration more than 853 mgkg-1. We devised an equation to estimate the degree of maturity after 10 months by a multiple linear regression analysis from the mixing ratio of wood chips and the co-composted materials. From the multiple linear regression analysis, the above three indices of compost maturity could be estimated from the mixing ratio of the initial materials. This equation should enable us to determine the degree of compost maturity after 10 months based on the initial mixing ratio.
The effect of use of coal clinker ash as revegetation substrate on revegetation woody plants. Abstract: Effective use of coal ash needed because coal uses for power station are increasing. As coal clinker ash (CA) are coarser than coal fly ash and CA are unlikely to scatter around, it is expecting for alternative revegetation substrate. In this report, revegetation substrate made of CA were used for pot test by revegetation woody plants, and try to show the effectiveness of substrate made from CA for cultivation. CA, peat moss and masa soil (weathered granite) were used for substrates. As masa soil and peat moss was used as control test and CA and peat moss were use for experimental test. And five tree plants (Quercus glauca, Q. phillyraeoides, Pasania edulis, Raphiolepts indica, Pittosporum tobira) were cultivated for 7 months.Almost chemical and physical properties of substrates from coal ash were same as that of masa soil. Content and leachate of heavy metals are less than safe level decided by Japanese law. Growth rate of height (H), diameter (D), D 2 H, and weight of fresh plants were not significantly different between each treatment. Boron concentrations of leaves grown in coal ash were larger than that done in masa soil except for one tree species. These results indicate that clinker ash can be used for substrate for revegetation woody plant, however, in actual use, characteristics of each CA were need to measure before use.
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