Low temperature dielectric properties of YMn 0.95 Ru 0.05 O 3 AIP Conf. Correlation between high ionic conductivity and twin structure of La 0.95 Sr 0.05 Ga 0.9 Mg 0.1 O 3 − δ Nature of small-polaron hopping conduction and the effect of Cr doping on the transport properties of rare-earth manganite La 0.5 Pb 0.5 Mn 1−x Cr x O 3In order to identify the carrier responsible for the electrical transport at room temperature in LiMn 2 O 4 from the viewpoint of practical applications as a cathode material, the bulk conductivity measurements by complex-plane impedance analyses have been carried out on LiMn 2 O 4 , Li 0.95 Mn 2 O 4 , and LiMn 1.95 B 0.05 O 4 ͑BϭAl 3ϩ or Ga 3ϩ ͒ together with the measurements of four-probe dc conductivities and dielectric relaxation processes, because these are two candidates for the carrier, a Li ion or a nonadiabatic small polaron of an e g electron on Mn 3ϩ . The comparison of the ionic conductivity estimated numerically from the parameters obtained experimentally for the Li-diffusion in LiMn 2 O 4 with the bulk conductivity indicates that the Li-diffusion seems difficult to play the primary role in the electrical conduction. Instead, a hopping-process of nonadiabatic small polarons of e g electrons is likely to dominate predominantly the electrical transport properties. The dielectric relaxation process, and the activation energies and the pre-exponential factors of the bulk conductivities in Li 0.95 Mn 2 O 4 and LiMn 1.95 B 0.05 O 4 are explained self-consistently in terms of the polaronic conduction.

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Herein, we investigated the surface of an (La 0.3 Sr 0.7 )(Al 0.65 Ta 0.35 )O 3 (LSAT) single crystal via scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) after annealing in air.We found amorphous mounds and atomically flat surfaces formed on the surface of the (100) LSAT single crystal subsequent to heat treatment.