Abstract-Receptor-mediated endocytosis of oxidized low density lipoprotein (Ox-LDL) by macrophages and the subsequent foam cell transformation in the arterial intima are key events in early atherogenesis. Recently, we have identified a novel macrophage cell-surface receptor for Ox-LDL by expression cloning from a cDNA library of phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate-stimulated THP-1 cells, designated as the scavenger receptor for phosphatidylserine and oxidized lipoprotein (SR-PSOX). Here, we examined SR-PSOX expression in human atherosclerotic lesions. Total cellular RNA and fresh frozen sections were prepared from human carotid endarterectomy specimens (from 21 patients) and directional coronary atherectomy specimens (from 11 patients). Fragments of human aortas of 2 patients without visible atherosclerotic lesions served as negative controls. Quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction demonstrated that SR-PSOX mRNA expression was prominent in atherosclerotic lesions but undetectable in normal aortas. Immunohistochemistry showed that SR-PSOX was predominantly expressed by lipid-laden macrophages in the intima of atherosclerotic plaques in carotid endarterectomy and directional coronary atherectomy specimens, although its expression was not detectable in normal arterial wall. 9 have been identified to support cellular uptake of Ox-LDL; however, additional molecules may also be involved in the endocytosis of Ox-LDL. Recently, by expression cloning from a cDNA library of phorbol 12-myristate 13 acetate (PMA)-stimulated THP-1 cells, we have identified a novel cell-surface receptor for Ox-LDL, which has been designated the scavenger receptor for phosphatidylserine and oxidized lipoprotein (SR-PSOX). 10Human SR-PSOX is a 30-kDa type I membrane protein consisting of 254 amino acids, which does not share any structural homology with other Ox-LDL receptors. SR-PSOX can bind and internalize Ox-LDL but not a significant amount of acetylated or native LDL. Internalized Ox-LDL, in cells expressing SR-PSOX, was subjected to lysosomal degradation. SR-PSOX also recognizes phosphatidylserine, polyinosinic acid, and dextran sulfate but not polycytidylic acid or chondroitin sulfate. In addition to PMA-stimulated THP-1 cells, expression of SR-PSOX has also been shown on human monocyte-derived macrophages and murine thioglycollate-elicited peritoneal macrophages. 10 These data demonstrate that SR-PSOX is a novel class of molecule that belongs to the scavenger receptor family; however, the relation of this novel receptor to atherogenesis has not yet been clarified.In the present study, therefore, we have explored the expression of SR-PSOX in atherosclerotic lesions of human Methods Tissue SamplesFresh frozen sections (6 m) were prepared from human carotid endarterectomy specimens from 21 patients who had transient ischemic attacks or minor completed strokes before their operations, and sections were also prepared from human directional coronary atherectomy specimens from 11 patients who underwent elective percutaneou...
Background:Multinodular and vacuolated neuronal tumor (MVNT) is a benign neuronal tumor that is newly recognized as architectural appearance that may be related to ganglion cell tumors in 2016 World Health Organization Classification of Tumors of the Central Nervous System. Herein, we report a case of MVNT in a 60-year-old man with a thorough literature review.Case Description:A 60-year-old male was pointed out the presence of intracerebral neoplasm located in left frontal lobe by a comprehensive medical examination. We suspected dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumors and proposed him to wait and see, but he wished to undergo surgery for diagnosis. We performed en bloc resection and pathological findings were consistent with MVNT. He was discharged on the 8th day after the operation without any complications. He remained stable without recurrence at the 16-month postoperative follow-up.Conclusions:Further studies may be helpful to fully understand the radiological and histological findings of MVNT development. As a result, we will be able to prevent the aggressive treatment if we established their major features.
Background: Meningiomas presenting with acute subdural hematomas are extremely rare. To the best of our knowledge, only 45 cases have been reported to date. We report on a case of a meningioma mimicking an acute subdural hematoma as well as a thorough literature review. Case Description: A 67-year-old man with no history of trauma was referred to our hospital with sudden onset of decreased level of consciousness and left hemiplegia. Computed tomography revealed an acute convexity subdural hematoma. Emergency surgery to remove the hematoma was performed. The hematoma was found to exist in the extra-axial space and the attached dura mater and pia mater remained intact. Pathological examination revealed a transitional meningioma, the World Health Organization Grade 1. Detailed medical history taken postoperatively revealed that a convexity meningioma had been diagnosed incidentally at another facility 1 year earlier. Conclusion: Acute subdural hematomas due to meningiomas are rare, and establishing the cause is challenging. Prompt and precise diagnosis of such entities may afford patients a better prognosis.
In order to construct an anlageplan of the imaginal disc, various fragments of the wing disc from mature larvae of Sarcophaga peregrina were implanted into host larvae of the same age. The implants were metamorphosed with the host and the differentiated adult structures were analyzed.On the basis of the results obtained from the transplanted disc fragments, a fate map of the wing disc was satisfactorily constructed.The fate map of S. peregrina is similar to an earlier study of Drosophila, but the PAA, PWP, and AP are located in different positions from those of Drosophila.In the holometabolous insect, particular parts of the imaginal disc cell develop into corresponding parts of adult structures during metamorphosis. HADORN (4) reported that an imaginal disc, which had been taken from a third instar larva and implanted into a host larva of the same age, metamorphosed with the host and differentiated into the adult structures. This method has been applied to fragments of discs for constructing a fate map of Drosophila (3). Thereafter, fate maps of the wing disc of Calliphora (8) and Zaprionus (9) were described to be highly similar to that of Drosophila. Recently, BRYANT (1) reported a more precise fate map of a Drosophila wing disc using the same method, and revealed the regenerative properties of the fragmented disc.Larvae of Sarcophaga peregrina are useful material for studies in developmental biology because their physiological age can easily controlled by dry-wet treatment as described by OHTAKI (6). Furthermore, the large size of the imaginal discs aids in handling and precision. We constructed a fate map of the wing disc of S. peregrina as a basic study for the further analysis of determination and differentiation of particular parts of the imaginal disc. MATERIALS AND METHODSLarvae of the fleshfly, Sarcophaga peregrina, were reared and maintained as previously described by OHTAKI (6). All experiments were conducted with the use of wing discs which were isolated from mature larvae being kept under wet conditions.Imaginal wing discs were removed from mature larvae and were fragmented in insect Ringer (2) using a pair of fine forceps and iridectomy scissors. Each disc was cut into three parts along two of the levels indicated in Fig. 1. A "V"-shaped incision was made with iridectomy scissors in the abdomen of another mature larva. Either whole wing discs or fragmented discs were picked up with the fine forceps and placed into the body cavity of the host. After metamorphosis, the differentiated implants were removed from the flies and their structures were analyzed. A total of 1168 implants were analyzed in this study.For ease in analyzing the metamorphosed structures derived from wing disc implants, we made a complete list of the epidermal structures normally produced by the disc. Fig. 2 shows a diagram of the wing disc derivatives. Figs. 3 and 4 show in detail, the dorsal and ventral hinge regions. We have principally employed the general terminology; the abbreviations used for the structures are listed in ...
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.