Crystals of Cu(II)(NO(3))(2)(pm)(3) (1), and two crystalline forms of Cu(II)(NO(3))(2)(H(2)O)(2)(pm)(2), (2) and (3), showed ferromagnetic, antiferromagnetic and paramagnetic interactions at extremely low temperatures, respectively. Crystal structure analyses revealed that the complexes were catena-dinitrato[mu-pyrimidine-kappaN(1):kappaN(3)]-(pyrimidine-N(1))copper(II), [Cu(NO(3))(2)(pm)(2)](n), catena-diaquadinitrato[mu-pyrimidine-kappaN(1):kappaN(3)]copper(II), [Cu(NO(3))(2)(H(2)O)(2)(pm)](n), and diaquadinitratodipyrimidinecopper(II), Cu(NO(3))(2)(H(2)O)(2)(pm)(2) for (1), (2) and (3), respectively. In (1) the Cu atom is coordinated by the two nitrates and N atoms of the non-bridging pyrimidine and bridging pyrimidine to form a one-dimensional coordination polymer. The complex is a five-coordinated square pyramid and can be regarded as a pseudo-seven-coordinated complex, since other short non-bonding Cu.O contacts are observed. In the crystals of (2) the pyrimidine bridges the Cu atoms to form a one-dimensional coordination chain. On the other hand, complex (3) is not a coordination polymer. It is important to form a coordination polymer for the appearance of the magnetic interactions. Types of coordination of the bridging organic moieties should also play an important role in magnetic properties. Magnetic measurements of (1) and (2) show that they are good examples of uniform S = 1/2 ferro- and antiferromagnetic Heisenberg chains with exchange parameters 2J/kB = +1.8 and -36 K, respectively.

No abstract

The questionnaires were highly correlated in terms of both overall and comparable domain scores. In addition, both questionnaires had equal and satisfactory psychometric validity, demonstrating that they are both useful tools for assessing QOL in rhinitis. However, when compared with each other, the JRQLQ focuses mainly on activities of daily life and is simpler, while the RQLQJ focuses mainly on rhinitis-related health and is more responsive.

Enantiomerically pure, stable 4‐(methoxycarbonyl)phenyl selenoxide (‐)‐(VII) is isolated by fractional recrystallization of diastereoisomeric 4‐((‐)menthyloxycarbonyl)phenyl selenoxide (V) followed by removal of the chiral source.

Aim: To investigate the predictors of pressure ulcer and physical restraint prevalence in Japanese acute care units and their relationship to the nursing hours, skill mix, and Nursing Need Scores (NNS). Methods: In this descriptive study, quantitative methods were employed to determine if pressure ulcers and physical restraint prevalence, as outcomes of nursing care, were related to the nursing hours, skill mix, and intensity of nursing-care needs. The sample included 87 acute care units in 42 hospitals in Tokyo and its surrounding prefectures in Japan. The NNS was used as the instrument to measure the intensity of nursing-care needs. The data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, correlations, and multiple regression analyses. Results: Pressure ulcer prevalence was positively correlated with the NNS-A and NNS-B. Physical restraint use was positively correlated with the NNS-B and negatively correlated with the NNS-A. However, the total nursing hours per patient day was positively related with both pressure ulcer and physical restraint prevalence. Conclusions:The nursing hours and NNS are predictors of pressure ulcer development and physical restraint use. The results also suggest that we should revise our process of nursing care. Many functions that might be shared with other personnel are performed by nurses, which results in longer total nursing hours but shorter direct nursing hours, used in order to observe and care for patients. Japan's aging population will result in higher NNS, requiring more direct nursing hours and other personnel to participate in our process of nursing care.