Recent clinical studies have investigated postural sway characteristics in anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)-deficient knees, but the relative contributions of vision and ACL remain unclear. In the current study, we measured and compared postural sway during one-leg standing with eyes open and closed to assess the difference between legs with and without ACL injury, and we discuss the contribution of the ligament relative to vision and to postural sway in patients. We examined 32 patients (17 males, 15 females) with ACL injury before surgery from March 2001 through January 2004. None presented obvious dysfunction in the lower limbs or central nervous system. Using a gravicorder, we measured locus length per time (LG) and environmental area (AR) as the factors of postural sway during two-leg and one-leg standing with eyes open or closed. In the ACL-injured knee, the amount of postural sway increased significantly during injured leg standing with eyes closed (LG, P < 0.0001; AR, P < 0.0001), but it did not increase significantly with eyes open. There were no significant differences with respect to sex or general joint laxity. There was no correlation between postural sway and the anterior translation of the tibia measured by arthrometer KT2000 or between the muscle strength around the knee. We concluded that the amount of postural sway in the ACL-injured knee increased significantly on injured leg standing with eyes closed, and that vision appears to be dominant in compensating for the decreased contribution of the injured ACL.

Lucifer Yellow CH (LY) is a membrane-impermeant, fluorescent dye. Once introduced into a cell, LY diffuses throughout the entire intracellular space and allows fluorescent visualization of the outline of the cell (Fig. 1). Therefore, electrophysiologists have added LY to electrode solutions to mark recorded cells as well as to study their morphology. Since early electrophysiological studies involved the use of high-resistant microelectrodes that released only small amounts of LY, little attention was paid to the pharmacology and effects of this dye. However, in whole-cell patch-clamp experiments, where the electrode solution readily dialyses the cell (Hamill et al. 1981), the effect of LY could not be negated.

Transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily V, member 2 (TRPV2) is a principal candidate for abnormal Ca 2+ -entry pathways, which is a potential target for therapy of muscular dystrophy and cardiomyopathy. Here, an in silico drug screening and the following cell-based screening to measure the TRPV2 activation were carried out in HEK293 cells expressing TRPV2 using lead compounds (tranilast or SKF96365) and off-patent drug stocks. We identified 4 chemical compounds containing aminobenzoyl groups and 1 compound (lumin) containing an ethylquinolinium group as candidate TRPV2 inhibitors. Three of these compounds inhibited Ca 2+ entry through both mouse and human TRPV2, with IC 50 of less than 10 μM, but had no apparent effect on other members of TRP family such as TRPV1 and TRPC1. Particularly, lumin inhibited agonist-induced TRPV2 channel activity at a low dose. These compounds inhibited abnormally increased Ca 2+ influx and prevented stretch-induced skeletal muscle damage in cultured myocytes from dystrophic hamsters (J2N-k). Further, they ameliorated cardiac dysfunction, and prevented disease progression in vivo in the same J2N-k hamsters developing dilated cardiomyopathy as well as muscular dystrophy. The identified compounds described here are available as experimental tools and represent potential treatments for patients with cardiomyopathy and muscular dystrophy. www.impactjournals.com/oncotarget/

Psychological distress is common in patients with soft tissue and bone tumors. We first investigated its frequency and the associated risk factors in patients with pre-operative bone and soft tissue tumors. Participants included 298 patients with bone and soft tissue tumors who underwent surgery in our institution between 2015 and 2020. Psychological distress was evaluated by the Distress and Impact Thermometer (DIT) that consists of two types of questions (questions about the severity of the patient’s distress (DIT-D) and its impact (DIT-I)). We used a cut-off point of 4 on the DIT-D and 3 on the DIT-I for screening patients with psychological distress. We therefore investigated: (1) the prevalence of psychological distress as assessed with DIT or distress thermometer (DT), which can be decided by DIT-D ≥ 4, (2) what are the risk factors for the prevalence of psychological distress, and (3) what is the number of patients who consulted a psychiatrist for psychological distress in patients with pre-operative bone and soft tissue tumors. With DIT and DT, we identified 64 patients (21%) and 95 patients (32%), respectively, with psychological distress. Multivariate logistic regression revealed that older age, sex (female), malignancy (malignant or intermediate tumor), a lower Barthel Index, and higher numeric rating scale were risk factors for psychological distress. Two patients (3%) consulted a psychiatrist after surgery. In conclusion, careful attention to psychological distress is needed, especially for female patients, older patients, and those with malignant soft or bone tissue tumors who have more than moderate pain.

[Purpose] This study investigated the effect of neurological symptoms and/or signs after the occurrence of neurogenic intermittent claudication (NC) on postural sway during quiet standing of patients with lumbar spinal canal stenosis (LSS). [Subjects and Methods] Thirty-two female patients with LSS at the L4/5 level were studied. We measured the path of center of foot pressure (COP) during quiet standing with eyes open for 30 s using a stabilometer before and after the occurrence of NC. [Results] The total path length of COP (LC) and area surrounded by the outline of the path of COP (AC) significantly increased after NC. Body mass index (BMI) correlated with both the NC rate (after NC/before NC) of LC and that of AC. The average lateral COP displacement from the center of the base of support (COPRL) before NC was located on the asymptomatic side from the center of the base of support in 29 of 32 patients. After NC, COPRL moved to the symptomatic side in 31 patients. [Conclusion] These results suggest that patients with LSS are at risk of falling after NC, especially those with high BMI.