SYNOPSISAn alternating copolymer of N-methylmaleimide and isobutene was produced by a radical precipitation polymerization method. The copolymer thus produced is a new class of transparent polymeric material that shows a unique balance of optical, thermal, and mechanical properties. The visible light transmittance was more than 90% and the stress optical coefficient was smaller than that of polycarbonate, leading to moldings with lower birefringence. The heat deflection temperature of the copolymer was as high as 157"C, and the thermal expansion coefficient was about 30% smaller than those of poly(methy1 methacrylate) and polycarbonate. The copolymer showed excellent mechanical properties, specifically, the flexural modulus was the highest among the typical amorphous polymers. 0 1996
Several physical properties of spores of Bacillus megaterium, such as vapor pressure isotherm, complex dielectric constant, nuclear magnetic resonance absorption spectrum, as well as water sorption and desorption rates, were studied in comparison with those of vegetative cells of the same organism with respect to content and form of the cell water. Spores showed larger water content as compared with vegetative cells in the humidity range of less than 78% (R. H.) at 30°, while they showed smaller water content over more humid ranges up to 100% (R. H.). Spores showed a smaller dielectric loss at a microwave frequency of 10 Gc and a broader NMR absorption pattern than vegetative cells. These facts are discussed briefly in terms of molecular motion of the cell water in spores and vegetative cells. Dormant spores of bacteria have higher resistance to heating and chemical treatments than their vegetative forms. Various types of study have been made by a number of investigators on these characteristic features of spores. Studies on the content and form of water in spores are among others.However, different conclusions have been obtained by different investigators, and no satisfactory relation has yet been established between the high resistivity and the state of water molecules in spores.It has been reported by many workers that bacterial spores have lower water content than vegetative cells. For example, POWELL and STRANGE (1) gave this result from the measurement of density and volume of spores, WALDHAM and HALVORSON (2) from isothermal adsorption curves for water vapor, and Ross and BILLIN X (3) from the measurement of refractive index of spores. In this connection, L Jwis, S' LL and BURR (4) proposed the hypothesis that the low water content of spores may result from the contraction of the spore cortex during the spore maturation.On the other hand, H ~N Y and F zl °) V1AN (5, 6) noted that the difference in water content between spores and vegetative cells is not sufficiently great to explain the resistivity of spores. They concluded from their cry-217
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