This large registry study provides benchmark prognostic statistics for lung cancer. The prognostic difference between stages IB and IIA was small despite different stages. Otherwise, the present tumor, node, metastasis staging system well characterizes the stage-specific prognoses.

Octogenarian patients with c-stage I lung cancer in this study had a satisfactory long-term outcome and low-mortality rate. Comorbidity is a factor associated with both prognosis and operative risks. A selection of the patients who would be curable without mediastinal lymph node dissection after an accurate preoperative staging is beneficial to decrease the postoperative complications because this procedure is a risk factor.

Analysis of a large cohort in the Japanese registry study found that stage-specific prognosis was within a range similar to other reports. The data presented should provide an important reference for future clinical trials in Japan.

The T status of tumors, 7 cm or less, with VPI should be upgraded to the next T level in the future edition of the TNM classification of International Union Against Cancer staging system.

We tested the hypothesis that C57BL/6J mice will model human metabolic interactions between dl‐methylphenidate (MPH) and ethanol, placing an emphasis on the MPH transdermal system (MTS). Specifically, we asked: (1) will ethanol increase d‐MPH biological concentrations, (2) will MTS facilitate the systemic bioavailability of l‐MPH, and (3) will l‐MPH enantioselectively interact with ethanol to yield l‐ethylphenidate (l‐EPH)? Mice were dosed with MTS (¼ of a 12.5 cm2 patch on shaved skin) or a comparable oral dl‐MPH dose (7.5 mg/kg), with or without ethanol (3.0 g/kg), and then placed in metabolic cages for 3 h. MPH and EPH isomer concentrations in blood, brain, and urine were analyzed by gas chromatographic–mass spectrometry monitoring of N‐(S)‐prolylpiperidyl fragments. As in humans, MTS greatly facilitated the absorption of l‐MPH in this mouse strain. Similarly, ethanol led to the enantioselective formation of l‐EPH and to an elevation in d‐MPH concentrations with both MTS and oral MPH. Although only guarded comparisons between MTS and oral MPH can be made due to route‐dependent drug absorption rate differences, MTS was associated with significant MPH–ethanol interactions. Ethanol‐mediated increases in circulating concentrations of d‐MPH carry toxicological and abuse liability implications should this animal model hold for ethanol‐consuming attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder patients or coabusers. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. and the American Pharmacists Association J Pharm Sci 100:2966–2978, 2011