The alteration of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system caused by diabetes mellitus was studied in streptozotocin-diabetic rats. The plasma renin activity (PRA), and plasma levels of angiotensin II (A II) and aldosterone (PAC) were measured in diabetic and age-matched control rats in 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks after the intravenous injection of streptozotocin (50mg/kg body weight). Diabetic rats showed the marked hyperglycemia persistently throughout the experimental period. On 1 st week PRA, A II and PAC were significantly increased, and A II and PAC were also significantly elevated on 2nd week in diabetic rats compared with control rats. However, on 4th and 8th weeks PRA, A II and PAC in diabetic rats were significantly lower than those of control rats. Hematocrit values in diabetic rats were elevated on 1st week, normalized on 2nd and 4th weeks and then decreased on 8th week. These results may suggest that the hyperglycemia causes a biphasic alteration of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, i.e., early stimulated state due to volume depletion and later suppressed state due to volume expansion.
Interparticle force F between two colloidal particles accompanied by hyperbolic hedgehog defects has been studied in nematic liquid crystal by two methods. We have directly measured F as a function of interparticle distance R in the case of two ''dipoles'' composed of a particle and an accompanied defect aligning parallel to the far-field director. We have confirmed the theoretical prediction that F is proportional to R À4 at longer distance but the magnitude of F is different in two methods. We have also observed that repulsive component emerges at shorter distance.
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