BackgroundChronic hyperglycemia in diabetes causes atherosclerosis and progresses to diabetic macroangiopathy, and can lead to coronary heart disease, myocardial infarction and cerebrovascular disease. Palmitoleic acid (POA) is a product of endogenous lipogenesis and is present in fish and vegetable oil. In human and animal studies, POA is reported as a beneficial fatty acid related to insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance. However, few studies have reported its effects on aortic function in diabetes. Here, we investigated the effects of POA administration on vascular function in KKAy mice, a model of type 2 diabetes.MethodsMale KKAy and C57BL/6J mice at the age of 14 weeks were used in the present study. For each mouse strain, one group was fed with normal diet and the other group was fed POA-containing diet for 2 weeks. Then, the vascular reactivities of prepared aortic rings were measured in an organ bath to determine if POA administration changed vascular function in these mice.ResultsKKAy mice treated with POA exhibited decreased plasma glucose levels compared with mice treated with normal diet. However, endothelium-dependent vasorelaxant responses to acetylcholine and protease-activated receptor 2 activating protein, which are attenuated in the aorta of KKAy mice compared to control C57BL/6J mice under a normal diet, were not affected by a 2-week POA treatment. In addition, assessment of vasoconstriction revealed that the phenylephrine-induced vasoconstrictive response was enhanced in KKAy mice compared to control mice under a normal diet, but no effect was observed in KKAy mice fed a POA-containing diet. In contrast, there was an increase in vasoconstriction in control mice fed the POA-containing diet compared to mice fed a normal diet. Furthermore, the vasoconstriction in aorta in both control and KKAy mice fed a POA-containing diet were further enhanced under hyperglycemic conditions compared to normal glucose conditions in vitro. In the hyperinsulinemic, and hyperinsulinemic combined with hyperglycemic conditions, vasoconstriction was increased in KKAy mice fed with POA.ConclusionThese results suggest that POA intake enhances vasoconstriction under hyperglycemic and hyperinsulinemic conditions, which are characteristics of type 2 diabetes, and may contribute to increased vascular complications in diabetes.
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