This study demonstrated a decreased metabolic cost when ATW at matched speeds to that of OTW. Reduced metabolic cost during ATW may allow for longer durations of treadmill-induced gait training compared with OTW for improved outcomes. This knowledge may aid clinicians when prescribing aquatic treadmill exercise for people post-stroke with goals of improving gait and functional mobility. However, decreased metabolic cost during ATW suggests that to improve cardiovascular fitness, ATW may not be a time-efficient method of cardiovascular exercise for healthy adults and people post-stroke.
The new generation of offshore support vessels (OSVs) has become increasingly sophisticated and technically advanced in response to demands from deepwater drilling and production operations. This paper reviews design issues and trends for the development of the next generation of OSVs, highlighting recently enhanced classification technical requirements. The new requirements address safety criteria and environmental protection for the design, construction and operation of OSVs.The paper also includes applicable criteria and new notations for each specialized service of the OSV including transportation of supplies and equipment, towing and anchoring of offshore structures, well stimulation and testing, fire fighting, heavy lift, oil spill containment, pipeline installation, diving activities and safety stand-by as well as provisions for the integration of multifunctional services.Additionally, the paper addresses the use of LNG as a fuel for propulsion primarily to reduce emissions.
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