Cervical myomas are benign tumors originating from cervical muscle tissue with a very rare incidence of only about 8% of all myomas. The surgical approach depends on the position of cervical myoma. This case report discusses a 44-year-old woman who complained of a lump discharge from her birth canal 6 months ago, and currently discharging from her vagina. We performed vaginal myomectomy, and the cervical myoma measuring 8 × 8 × 6 cm with solid consistency was removed. We continued with total vaginal hysterectomy. Postoperative recovery was progressing well. The histopathology report was consistent with leiomyoma. Large prolapsed cervical myoma can be disturbing and discomforting for many patients. It is relatively rare and can be successfully removed vaginally with minimal morbidity.
Objective: To describe the characteristics of preeclampsia with severe features and their risk factors. Method: This study was a retrospective medical record review of demographic characteristics, obstetric and medical data of preeclampsia with severe features in Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital from July to December 2014. Result: There were 1,013 deliveries which 183 patients of them were diagnosed as preeclampsia with severe features (18.06%). The study showed 67.76% were 20 - 35 years old, most of them were multiparity, and 41.53% were preterm labor with 28 - 336 weeks of gestation then followed by 24.59% were 34 - 366 weeks’ gestation. Majorities of preeclampsia with severe features patients were without complication either to the mother or the baby. There were 1 case of maternal mortality and 15 cases of intra uterine fetal death (IUFD). There were 73.77% cases delivering by cesarean section. The complication of the mother in preeclampsia with severe features was related significantly to the complication in baby, such as preterm delivery. Besides, women’s age and parity had significant relationship with baby complication. Conclusion: There is association of complication in preeclampsia with severe features women with baby, namely preterm delivery. Besides, women’s age and parity is related to complication of baby. Keywords: complication, preeclampsia, risk factors
ABSTRAKLatar Belakang: Pembentukan dan perkembangan folikel primordial merupakan aspek yang penting pada sistem reproduksi perempuan, tetapi mekanismenya masih kurang dipahami. Pembentukan folikel primordial adalah proses dimana folikel primordial ovarium terbentuk. Sebuah folikel primordial terdiri dari oosit yang berada di profase jika pembelahan meiosis yang pertama dan dikelilingi oleh satu lapisan sel-sel pra-granulosa. Proses ini secara langsung memengaruhi jumlah oosit yang tersedia bagi seorang wanita sepanjang usia reproduksinya. Kelainan pada perkembangan folikel primordial menyebabkan sejumlah patofisiologi, tetapi mekanisme terjadi masih belum dapat dipahami. Tujuan: Untuk memahami mekanisme perakitan dan pengembangan manusia ovarium folikel primordial. Metode: Review artikel Kesimpulan: Pembentukan folikel primordial adalah proses dimana folikel primordial ovarium terbentuk. Pembentukan folikel primordial dihambat oleh progesteron untuk tingkat yang lebih besar daripada estrogen, namun kedua steroid tersebut menghambat proses pembentukan. Proses apoptosis oosit secara acak dalam sarang oosit diperlukan untuk pembentukan folikel dan tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF) tampaknya juga terlibat dalam proses ini. Baru-baru ini, penelitian telah menunjukkan bahwa KL, basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), KGF, dan bone morphogenic protein -4 (BMP-4) dapat memengaruhi perkembangan folikel primordial.Kata kunci: folikel, primordial, pembentukan, perkembangan. ABSTRACTBackgrounds: primordial follicle assembly and development is a critical aspect of female reproduction, but poorly understood process on mechanistic level. Primordial follicle assembly is the process by which ovarian primordial follicles are formed. A primordial follicle is composed of an oocyte arrested in prophase if the first meiotic division and surrounded by a single layer of pre-granulosa cells. These processes directly affect the number of oocytes available to a female throughout her reproductive life. Abnormalities in primordial follicle development lead to a number of pathologies, but the mechanism are poorly understood. Objective: To understand the mechanism of assembly and development of human ovarian primordial follicle. Method: Literature review Conclusion: Primordial follicle assembly is the process by which ovarian primordial follicles are formed. Primordial follicle assembly was inhibited by progesterone to a greater degree than estrogen, but both steroids inhibited the assembly process. The apoptosis of random oocytes in the oocyte nests is required for primordial follicle assembly and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFβ) appears to be involved in this process. More recently, studies have demonstrated that KL, basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), KGF, and bone morphogenic protein-4 (BMP-4) can influence primordial follicle development.
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