Aim:The purpose of this study was to determine the efficiency and characteristics of pig wastewater treatment. This was to be achieved using ABR with the addition of effective microorganism4 (EM4) as a bio-activator during the startup process (R1) and without EM4 (R2). Methodology and Results: Piggery wastewater is poured into ABR with 12 hours HRT (hydraulic retention time), though it is reduced to 6 hours after the concentration is stable. The COD removal efficiency at 12 hours HRT was 60% (R1) and 51% (R2). However, the results did not change significantly, since the 6 hours HRT COD efficiency was 57.8% (R1) and 51.3% (R2). The biomass growth rate at R1 is faster than R2 with Food to Microorganism Ratio (F/M) 0.4-0.89 (R1) and 0.68-1.38 (R2) while the yield of methane gas formation was 0.25-0.28 L-CH4/g-COD. Conclusion, significance, and impact study: COD effluent is the total organic material present in the piggery wastewater effluent, which is discharged into water bodies without meeting the set quality standards. This damages the quality of water bodies. The wastewater treatment needs to be prioritized to meet quality standards of COD effluent. Also, the addition of EM4 to the activated sludge reactor improves the COD removal efficiency and biomass growth, though advanced treatment is still needed for piggery wastewater.
The clean water supply system network on Lengkang Kecil Island was developed in 2019. A small portion of the community's freshwater comes from harvesting rainwater and dug wells, which are only obtained during the rainy season. The primary source of clean water used by the community comes from underwater pipelines with a daily discharge of 0.86 l/sec. The water supply of the Lengkang Kecil Island community is 74.3 m3/day, with 146 House Connections (HCs) and to serve public facilities such as elementary schools, primary health centers, and mosques. Hydraulic evaluation of clean water distribution using EPANET 2.0 software on flow velocity shows the lowest rate of 0.29 m/s and the highest of 1.21 m/s. The lowest pressure value in the distribution system is 6.94-6.96 m and headloss units in the range 0.08-0.25 m/km. These three criteria are still within the distribution network design criteria (feasible). A carbon footprint can be calculated from each activity from the analysis of the evaluation of clean water distribution networks. The most massive emissions came from pumping activities with 131 kg CO2-eq, followed by emissions from wastewater 62.5 kgCO2-eq. Further research is needed to determine the quality of wastewater and the design for a centralized wastewater treatment plant (IPALT) to improve Lengkang Kecil Island residents' living standards.Keywords: Lengkang Kecil Island, water, EPANET, carbon footprintABSTRAKJaringan sistem penyediaan air bersih pada Pulau Lengkang Kecil dimulai pada tahun 2019. Sebagian kecil air bersih yang digunakan masyarakat berasal dari pemanenan air hujan dan sumur gali yang hanya didapat pada musim hujan. Sumber air bersih utama yang digunakan masyarakat berasal dari pengaliran perpipaan bawah laut dengan debit harian 0,86 l/detik. Kebutuhan air masyarakat Pulau Lengkang Kecil adalah 74,3 m3/hari dengan 146 Sambungan Rumah (SR) serta untuk melayani fasilitas umum seperti sekolah dasar (SD), puskesmas, dan masjid. Evaluasi hidrolis distribusi air bersih dengan menggunakan software EPANET 2.0 terhadap kriteria kecepatan aliran menunjukkan nilai terendah 0,29 m/s dan tertinggi 1,21 m/s. Nilai sisa tekan dalam sistem distribusi adalah 6,94–6,96 m dan unit headloss pada kisaran 0,08–0,25 m/km. Ketiga kriteria ini masih berada dalam kriteria desain jaringan distribusi (layak). Dari analisis evaluasi jaringan distribusi air bersih, dapat dihitung jejak karbon yang dihasilkan dari setiap kegiatannya. Emisi terbesar berasal dari kegiatan pemompaan dengan nilai 131 kgCO2-eq, diikuti dengan emisi yang berasal dari air limbah dengan nilai 62,5 kgCO2-eq. Penelitian lanjutan diperlukan untuk mengetahui kualitas dari air limbah dan desain untuk instalasi pengolahan air limbah terpusat (IPALT) untuk meningkatkan taraf hidup penduduk Pulau Lengkang Kecil.Kata kunci: Pulau Lengkang Kecil, air, EPANET, jejak karbon
The existence of microalgae in water -provides many benefits especially for biological treatments of wastewater. Microalgae have many species and are chlorophyll microorganisms. Photosynthesis carried out by microalgae requires essential nutrients such as CO2. Carbon dioxide can be obtained by symbiosis from other microorganisms, such as EM4, which can be used to decompose complex organic compounds into simple compounds (CO2). The addition of EM4 must be appropriate to make the photosynthesis process in microalgae take place optimally. Therefore, this study aims to determine the optimal dose variation of EM4 in the microalgae in the reactor. With variations in the doses tested were 0 mL, 1 mL, and 2 mL. The research was conducted by making artificial wastewater from liquid NPK, diluting it with tap water with a ratio of 1: 300. The test was carried out using a batch system, with solar lighting and aeration for 24 hours. The result of the best dose variation is the addition of 1 mL of EM4. The largest decrease in ammonia levels is obtained which is then compared to the variation of the doses of 0 mL and 2 mL.
<p>The wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) in the Nusa Dua area has implemented a stabilization pond to reduce organic matter and nutrients. Because it has been operating since 1980, it is necessary to evaluate the existing conditions. The aim of this study was to determine the percentage of organic and nutrient reduction from the WWTP system. Organic removal in the form of BOD and COD parameters were 71.84% and 75.11%, respectively. Meanwhile, nutrient parameters in the form of NH3-N, TN, and TP have a percentage of 83.64%; 59.41%, and -375.81%, respectively. TP is the only parameter that has increased, causing a problem which is caused by the explosion of algae population in the reservoir. TP allowance should be a concern in choosing advanced treatment.<em></em></p>
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