Three in one pot! Bicyclic cyclopentenones have been synthesized from enynes in alcohol in the presence of a rhodium catalyst through a newly developed auto‐tandem catalytic reaction. This process combines three mechanistically distinctive reactions—an oxidation of alcohols, a decarbonylation of aldehydes, and a carbonylative [2+2+1] cycloaddition (see scheme; dppp=propane‐l,3‐diylbis(diphenylphosphane)).
Drei mechanistisch unterschiedliche Reaktionen werden bei der neuartigen katalytischen intramolekularen Auto‐Tandem‐Synthese bicyclischer Cyclopentenone aus Eninen in Alkohol in Gegenwart eines Rhodiumkatalysators kombiniert: eine Alkoholoxidation, eine Aldehyddecarbonylierung und eine carbonylierende [2+2+1]‐Cycloaddition (siehe Schema; dppp=Propan‐l,3‐diylbis(diphenylphosphan)).
Organic light-emitting diode is one of the future-proof solid-state-based lighting sources. OLED shows great aesthetic advantages and good color quality without glare. Moreover OLED is a kind of surface light sources naturally. There are some studies on the long-term reliability characteristics of OLED light source. However, these studies focused on the light output degradation of OLED light sources mainly. In this paper, we have investigated the long-term reliability characteristics of OLED panel and luminaires in terms of lumen maintenance, correlated color temperature, color rendering index, and operating voltage. Total twelve OLED panels with four different kinds and six OLED luminaires with two different kinds were analyzed up to six thousand hours and analyzed for the general lighting applications.
The genus Pholiota (Strophariaceae, Basidiomycota) is made up of wood-rotting saprotrophic mushrooms characterized by a yellow or brown pileus with scales and/or slimy, and by a brownish smooth spore with a germ pore. However, these features are not enough to distinguish its species, or separate the genus Pholiota from other brown-spored wood-rotting genera such as Hypholoma and Stropharia. Although internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequencebased identification has improved identification accuracy for species of Pholiota, most Pholiota species in Korea are reported based on morphological features. To evaluate the taxonomy of Pholiota species, we investigated 62 specimens collected from 1999 to 2019 in Korea using ITS sequence analysis and morphological observation. Twelve of the 16 recorded Pholiota species in Korea were identified. While eight species were clearly separated, the ITS analysis did not distinguish three in the Pholiota adiposa complex. Therefore, further investigation is required to distinguish these three species. ITS sequences deposited in GenBank confirm that P. highlandensis exists in Korea. The presence of the other four Pholiota species could not be confirmed through specimens or sequence information in GenBank. A taxonomic key and the ITS sequence data for Korean Pholiota species are included and can be good baselines for further research on Pholiota taxonomy and diversity.
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