conventional technology is gradually reaching its limits in terms of further enhancement of sensor performance. Hence, tremendous efforts have been taken to explore the applicability of MXenes in various sensor technologies, including chemical, biological, mechanical, and optical sensors. The large specific surface area, high electrical conductivity, [1,2] and water dispersibility of MXenes, among their various excellent properties, constitute essential characteristics of a sensor material. Particularly, the 2D structure of MXene, which is conducive to functionalization using various terminal groups, provides a large number of active surface sites. These sites can serve as a highly responsive sensory platform for various external stimuli. Furthermore, the high electrical conductivity of MXenes is desirable for achieving low noise in sensory responses. Therefore, these characteristics demonstrate MXenes as a highly promising alternative sensor material for achieving high sensitivity, exceptionally low limit of detection (LOD), and minimum detectable amount of analytes in various sensor applications. Finally, the water dispersibility of MXenes facilitates environment-friendly fabrication and modification treatments; thus, they are further advantageous in processing.Because the fundamental properties of MXenes satisfy the requirements for an alternative sensor material, MXenebased sensor technology has been rapidly evolving over the last few years. The field of MXene-based sensors is facing conventional challenging problems as hurdles to commercialization: achieving reliably high performance, high stability, multifunctionality, and realizing homogeneous and reproducible scale-up processing (Figure 1a) of MXene-based sensors. Several recent studies on MXene-based sensors were aimed at establishing various structural and electrical approaches to utilize the excellent properties of MXene, thus boosting the sensor performance. For example, the macrostructuring of MXenes can significantly increase the sensitivity and lower the LOD of the resultant fabricated sensor. [3,4] Furthermore, the functionalization of MXene surfaces can impart useful properties of the secondary component to the MXene-based sensor to obtain higher performance than that of pristine MXenebased sensors. [5] These approaches have been highly effective and reliable, and thus significantly accelerated the progress of MXene-based sensor research. Figure 1b shows the network of co-occurring keywords in 2375 MXene-based research papers published since the discovery of MXenes in 2011. In an attempt to introduce new low-cost, high-performance, and Various fields of study consider MXene a revolutionary 2D material. Particularly in the field of sensors, the metal-like high electrical conductivity and large surface area of MXenes are desirable characteristics as an alternative sensor material that can transcend the boundaries of existing sensor technology. This critical review provides a comprehensive overview of recent advances in MXene-based sensor technology...

The current study showed that reinforcing the staple line during LSG has the following advantages: decreased incidence of postoperative leak and overall complications. More prospective studies with better evidence are needed.

Albumin level, BMI, and neutrophil count are the most useful parameters for predicting short- and long-term surgical outcomes. Compared with complex parameters, simple-to-measure parameters are better for predicting surgical outcomes for gastric cancer patients.

Levodopa-induced dyskinesia (LID) is the most common, disruptive complication of Parkinson's disease (PD) pharmacotherapy, yet despite decades of research, the changes in regional brain function underlying LID remain largely unknown. We previously found that the cerebral vasomotor and metabolic responses to levodopa are dissociated in PD subjects. Nonetheless, it is unclear whether levodopa-mediated dissociation is exaggerated in LID or distinguishes LID from non-LID subjects. To explore this possibility, we used dual-tracer positron emission tomography to quantify regional cerebral blood flow and metabolic activity in 28 PD subjects (14 LID, 14 non-LID), scanned before and during intravenous levodopa infusion. Levodopa-mediated dissociation was most prominent in the posterior putamen ( < 0.0001) and greater in LID than in non-LID and test-retest subjects. Strikingly, LID subjects also showed increased sensorimotor cortex (SMC) activity in the baseline, unmedicated state. Imaging data from an independent PD sample (106 subjects) linked these differences to loss of mesocortical dopamine terminals in advanced patients. In aggregate, the data suggest that LID results from an overactive vasomotor response to levodopa in the putamen on a background of disease-related increases in SMC activity. LID may thus be amenable to treatment that modulates the function of these 2 regions.

Gastric cancer (GC) is a leading cause of death. We aim to establish a clinically relevant assay that encompasses recent molecular classifications and provides useful clinical information in a large cohort of GC patients. A consecutive series of 438 GC patients that underwent palliative chemotherapy between 2014 and 2015 were assessed using 10 GC panels: EBER in-situ hybridization, immunohistochemistry for mismatch repair (MMR) proteins (MLH1, PMS2, MSH2, and MSH6), receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs; HER2, EGFR, and MET), PTEN, and p53 protein. With a median of one aberration, 3.3 % of samples analyzed were Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-positive; 4.8%, MMR-deficient. RTKs were overexpressed in 218 patients; EGFR was most commonly overexpressed (39.9%), followed by HER2 (13.5%) and MET (12.1%). Furthermore, 2.5 % and 10.7 % of cases had simultaneous overexpression of three and two RTKs, respectively. p53 overexpression/null tumors were identified in 259 patients (59.1%), and PTEN loss was identified in 89 patients (20.3%). EBV-positivity was mutually exclusive with MMR-deficiency, predominantly identified in male patients, and these tumors were undifferentiated with proximal location. p53 mutant type was significantly found predominantly in the EBV-negative (60.6% vs 14.3%, P=0.001) and HER2-positive (78.0% vs 56.2%, P=0.002) groups. We described a molecular spectrum of distinct GC subtypes using clinically applicable assay. This assay will provide a convenient screening tool and facilitate the development of targeted agents in clinical trials.